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. 2016 Aug 3:8:185.
doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2016.00185. eCollection 2016.

The Alterations of Cortical Volume, Thickness, Surface, and Density in the Intermediate Sporadic Parkinson's Disease from the Han Population of Mainland China

Xia Deng  1 , Meihong Zhou  1 , Chunyan Tang  1 , Jie Zhang  2 , Lei Zhu  1 , Zunchun Xie  1 , Honghan Gong  3 , Xiangzuo Xiao  4 , Renshi Xu  1
Affiliations

The Alterations of Cortical Volume, Thickness, Surface, and Density in the Intermediate Sporadic Parkinson's Disease from the Han Population of Mainland China

Xia Deng et al. Front Aging Neurosci. .

Abstract

Many symptoms of sporadic Parkinson's disease (sPD) can't be completely explained by the lesion of simple typical extrapyramidal circuit between striatum and substantia nigra. Therefore, we investigated the alteration of cortical volume, thickness, surface, and density in the intermediate sPD from the Han population of Mainland China in order to find the new pathological brain regions associated with the complex clinical manifestations of sPD. The cortical volume, thickness, surface and density were examined using the voxel-based cortical morphometry and corticometry on magnetic resonance image (MRI) in 67 intermediate sPD and 35 controls, the multiple adjusted comparisons analysis of all MRI data were employed to assess the relationships between the cortical morphometric alteration in the specific brain regions and sPD. Results showed that a significantly shrunk volume, thinned thickness and enlarged or reduced surface of cortex in some specific brain regions were closely associated with sPD, but all cortical densities were not different. The majority of morphometric alteration of hemisphere cortex was symmetric, but that in the left hemisphere was more significant. The cortical morphometric alterations in the frontal, temporal, parietal, occipital and limbic lobe, cerebellum, caudate, and thalamus were closely related to the clinical neural dysfunction (Clinical manifestations) of sPD. Our data indicated that the deficits of extensive brain regions involved in the development of sPD, resulted in a series of correspondent complex clinical manifestations in the disease.

Keywords: Han population; Mainland China; cortical morphometry; magnetic resonance image; sporadic Parkinson's disease.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The comparison of cortical volume between sPD and the control using the regression of different covariates. (A) The significantly altered brain regions in the analysis of the regression of no covariates with a threshold p < 0.01. (B) The significantly altered brain regions in the analysis of the regression of no covariates with a threshold p < 0.001. (C) The significantly altered brain regions in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates with a threshold p < 0.01. (D) The significantly altered brain regions in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates with a threshold p < 0.001.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The comparison of cortical thickness between sPD and the control using the regression of no covariates. (A,C,E,G) The F-test of the average cortical thickness in the cluster 1–4 between sPD and the control. (B,D,F,H) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1–4 of the sPD brain. All cortical thickness of cluster 1–4 were significantly thinned in sPD compared with the control.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The comparison of cortical thickness between sPD and the control using the regression of different covariates. (A,C,E,G,I,K,M) The F-test of the average cortical thickness in the cluster 1–7 between sPD and the control in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates. (B,D,F,H,J,L,N) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1–7 of the sPD brain in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates. (O) The F-test of the average cortical thickness in the cluster 1 between sPD and the control in the analysis of the regression of cortical thickness covariates. (P) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1 of sPD brain in the analysis of the regression of cortical thickness covariates. The cortical thickness of all brain regions were significantly thinned in sPD compared with the control in the analysis using the regression of different covariates.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The significant altered brain regions of cortical thickness in the sPD brain in the analysis of different regression covariates. (A) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of no covariates. (B) The significantly altered brain regions after the Family wise error (FWE) correction in the analysis of the regression of no covariates. (C) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates. (D) The significantly altered brain regions after the FWE correction in the analysis of regression of brain size covariates. (E) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of cortical thickness covariates. (F) The significantly altered brain regions after the FWE correction in the analysis of the regression of cortical thickness covariates.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The comparison of cortical surface between sPD and control using the regression of no covariates. (A,C,E,G) The F-test of the average cortical surface in the cluster 1–4 between sPD and the control. (B,D,F,H) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1–4 of the sPD brain. The cortical surface of all brain regions were significantly enlarged in sPD compared with the control in the analysis of the regression of no covariates.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The comparison of cortical surface between sPD and the control using the regression of brain size covariates. (A,C,E,G) The F-test of the average cortical surface in the cluster 1–4 between sPD and the control. (B,D,F,H) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1–4 of the sPD brain. The cortical surface of brain regions in the cluster 1 and 3 were significantly shrunk, that in the cluster 2 and 4 were significantly enlarged in sPD compared with the control in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The comparison of cortical surface between sPD and the control using the regression of cortical surface covariates. (A,C,E) The F-test of the average cortical surface in the cluster 1–3 between sPD and the control. (B,D,F) The significantly altered brain regions in the cluster 1–3 of the sPD brain. The cortical surface of all brain regions were significantly shrunk in sPD compared with the control in the analysis of the regression of cortical surface covariates.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The significantly altered brain regions of cortical surface in the sPD brain in the analysis of the regression of different covariates. (A) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of no covariates. (B) The significantly altered brain regions after the FWE correction in the analysis of the regression of no covariates. (C) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates. (D) The significantly altered brain regions after the FWE correction in the analysis of the regression of brain size covariates. (E) The significantly altered brain regions in the F-map in the analysis of the regression of cortical surface covariates. (F) The significantly altered brain regions after the FWE correction in the analysis of the regression of cortical surface covariates.
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