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. 2017 Mar 1;18(3):454-467.
doi: 10.1093/pm/pnw140.

Survey of Primary Care and Mental Health Prescribers' Perspectives on Reducing Opioid and Benzodiazepine Co-Prescribing Among Veterans

Eric J Hawkins  1   2   3   4 , Carol A Malte  1   2 , Hildi J Hagedorn  3   5 , Douglas Berger  6   7 , Anissa Frank  1   2 , Aline Lott  1   2 , Carol E Achtmeyer  1   2   6 , Anthony J Mariano  4   8 , Andrew J Saxon  1   2   4
Affiliations

Survey of Primary Care and Mental Health Prescribers' Perspectives on Reducing Opioid and Benzodiazepine Co-Prescribing Among Veterans

Eric J Hawkins et al. Pain Med. .

Abstract

Background: Due to the involvement of opioids and benzodiazepines in rising pharmaceutical overdoses, a reduction in coprescribing of these medications is a national priority, particularly among patients with substance use disorders and other high-risk conditions. However, little is known about primary care (PC) and mental health (MH) prescribers' perspectives on these medications and efforts being implemented to reduce coprescribing.

Design: An anonymous survey.

Setting: One multisite VA health care system.

Subjects: Participants were 55 PC and 31 MH prescribers.

Methods: Survey development was guided by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (PARIHS) conceptual framework. PC and MH prescribers of opioids or benzodiazepines were invited to complete an anonymous electronic survey. Responses were collapsed to highlight agreement, disagreement, and neutrality and summarized with means and percentages.

Results: Over 80% of both prescriber groups reported concern about concurrent use and > 75% strongly agreed with clinical practice guidelines (CPG) that recommend caution in coprescribing among patients with high-risk conditions. More than 40% of both prescriber groups indicated that coprescribing continues because of beliefs that patients appear stable without adverse events and tapering/discontinuation is too difficult. Over 70% of prescribers rated strategies for addressing patients who refuse to discontinue, more time with patients, and identification of high-risk patients as helpful in reducing coprescribing.

Conclusion: Despite strong agreement with CPGs, prescribers reported several barriers that contribute to coprescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines and challenge their ability to taper these medications. Multiple interventions are likely needed to reduce opioid and benzodiazepine coprescribing.

Keywords: Attitudes; Beliefs; Chronic Pain; Concurrent Opioid and Benzodiazepine Use; High-Risk Conditions; Mental Health; Primary Care.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosures/Conflicts of Interest

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs or University of Washington.

Figures

Figure 1a.
Figure 1a.
Typical functioning and quality of life outcome for patients prescribed opioids and benzodiazepines concurrently
Figure 1b.
Figure 1b.
Typical change in patient functioning when long-term opioid or benzodiazepine therapy is discontinued
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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