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Review
. 2016 Dec;12(12):3020-3028.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1221551. Epub 2016 Aug 25.

Novel GM-CSF-based vaccines: One small step in GM-CSF gene optimization, one giant leap for human vaccines

Ting-Wei Yu  1   2 , Ho-Yen Chueh  1   2 , Ching-Chou Tsai  1   3 , Cheng-Tao Lin  1   2 , Jiantai Timothy Qiu  1   2   4
Affiliations
Review

Novel GM-CSF-based vaccines: One small step in GM-CSF gene optimization, one giant leap for human vaccines

Ting-Wei Yu et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a potent immunomodulatory cytokine that is known to facilitate vaccine efficacy by promoting the development and prolongation of both humoral and cellular immunity. In the past years we have generated a novel codon-optimized GM-CSF gene as an adjuvant. The codon-optimized GM-CSF gene significantly increased protein expression levels in all cells tested and helped in generating a strong immune responses against HIV-1 Gag and HPV-associated cancer. Here, we review the literature dealing with the adjuvant activity of GM-CSF both in animal models and clinical trials. We anticipate that the codon-optimized GM-CSF gene offers a practical molecular strategy for potentiating immune responses to tumor cell-based vaccinations as well as other immunotherapeutic strategies.

Keywords: GM-CSF; cancer vaccine; cytotoxic T cells; immunotherapy.

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