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Meta-Analysis
. 2016 Aug 26;2016(8):CD004131.
doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004131.pub3.

Acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation

Ai Yang  1 , Hong Mei Wu, Jin-Ling Tang, Li Xu, Ming Yang, Guan J Liu
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Acupuncture for stroke rehabilitation

Ai Yang et al. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. .

Abstract

Background: Stroke is the second most common cause of death in the world and in China it has now become the main cause of death. It is also a main cause of adult disability and dependency. Acupuncture for stroke has been used in China for hundreds of years and is increasingly practiced in some Western countries. This is an update of the Cochrane review originally published in 2006 .

Objectives: To determine the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy in people with subacute and chronic stroke. We intended to test the following hypotheses: 1) acupuncture can reduce the risk of death or dependency in people with subacute and chronic stroke at the end of treatment and at follow-up; 2) acupuncture can improve neurological deficit and quality of life after treatment and at the end of follow-up; 3) acupuncture can reduce the number of people requiring institutional care; and 4) acupuncture is not associated with any intolerable adverse effects.

Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register (June 2015), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; Cochrane Library 2015, Issue 7), MEDLINE (1966 to July 2015, Ovid), EMBASE (1980 to July 2015, Ovid), CINAHL (1982 to July 2015, EBSCO), and AMED (1985 to July 2015, Ovid). We also searched the following four Chinese medical databases: China Biological Medicine Database (July 2015); Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (July 2015); China National Infrastructure (July 2015), and Wan Fang database (July 2015).

Selection criteria: Truly randomised unconfounded clinical trials among people with ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke, in the subacute or chronic stage, comparing acupuncture involving needling with placebo acupuncture, sham acupuncture, or no acupuncture.

Data collection and analysis: Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion, assessed quality, extracted and cross-checked the data.

Main results: We included 31 trials with a total of 2257 participants in the subacute or chronic stages of stroke. The methodological quality of most of the included trials was not high. The quality of evidence for the main outcomes was low or very low based on the assessment by the system of Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).Two trials compared real acupuncture plus baseline treatment with sham acupuncture plus baseline treatment. There was no evidence of differences in the changes of motor function and quality of life between real acupuncture and sham acupuncture for people with stroke in the convalescent stage.Twenty-nine trials compared acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone. Compared with no acupuncture, for people with stroke in the convalescent phase, acupuncture had beneficial effects on the improvement of dependency (activity of daily living) measured by Barthel Index (nine trials, 616 participants; mean difference (MD) 9.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 4.34 to 14.05; GRADE very low), global neurological deficiency (seven trials, 543 participants; odds ratio (OR) 3.89, 95% CI 1.78 to 8.49; GRADE low), and specific neurological impairments including motor function measured by Fugl-Meyer Assessment (four trials, 245 participants; MD 6.16, 95% CI 4.20 to 8.11; GRADE low), cognitive function measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination (five trials, 278 participants; MD 2.54, 95% CI 0.03 to 5.05; GRADE very low), depression measured by the Hamilton Depression Scale (six trials, 552 participants; MD -2.58, 95% CI -3.28 to -1.87; GRADE very low), swallowing function measured by drinking test (two trials, 200 participants; MD -1.11, 95% CI -2.08 to -0.14; GRADE very low), and pain measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (two trials, 118 participants; MD -2.88, 95% CI -3.68 to -2.09; GRADE low). Sickness caused by acupuncture and intolerance of pain at acupoints were reported in a few participants with stroke in the acupuncture groups. No data on death, the proportion of people requiring institutional care or requiring extensive family support, and all-cause mortality were available in all included trials.

Authors' conclusions: From the available evidence, acupuncture may have beneficial effects on improving dependency, global neurological deficiency, and some specific neurological impairments for people with stroke in the convalescent stage, with no obvious serious adverse events. However, most included trials were of inadequate quality and size. There is, therefore, inadequate evidence to draw any conclusions about its routine use. Rigorously designed, randomised, multi-centre, large sample trials of acupuncture for stroke are needed to further assess its effects.

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Conflict of interest statement

Ai Yang: none known. Hong Mei Wu: none known. Jin‐Ling Tang: none known. Li Xu: none known. Ming Yang: none known. Guan J Liu: none known.

Figures

1
1
Study flow diagram.
2
2
Risk of bias graph: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item presented as percentages across all included studies.
3
3
Risk of bias summary: review authors' judgements about each risk of bias item for each included study.
4
4
Funnel plot of comparison 2, Acupuncture + baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, outcome: 2.1 Improvement of dependency at the end of treatment.
1.1
1.1. Analysis
Comparison 1 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus sham acupuncture plus baseline treatment, Outcome 1 Improvement of motor function.
1.2
1.2. Analysis
Comparison 1 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus sham acupuncture plus baseline treatment, Outcome 2 Improvement of cognitive function.
1.3
1.3. Analysis
Comparison 1 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus sham acupuncture plus baseline treatment, Outcome 3 Improvement of Health‐Related Quality of Life (MOS SF‐36).
1.4
1.4. Analysis
Comparison 1 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus sham acupuncture plus baseline treatment, Outcome 4 Improvement of Stroke‐Specific Quality of Life(SS QOL).
2.1
2.1. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 1 Improvement of dependency at the end of treatment.
2.2
2.2. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 2 Improvement of dependency at the end of follow‐up.
2.3
2.3. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 3 Improvement of global neurological deficit at the end of treatment.
2.4
2.4. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 4 Improvement of global neurological deficit at the end of follow‐up.
2.5
2.5. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 5 Improvement of global neurological deficit at the end of treatment.
2.6
2.6. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 6 Improvement of motor function at the end of treatment.
2.7
2.7. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 7 Improvment of general motor function at the end of follow‐up (Fugl‐Meyer Assessment).
2.8
2.8. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 8 Improvement of motor function at the end of treatment (Fugl‐Meyer Assessment).
2.9
2.9. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 9 Improvement of cognitive function at the end of treatment.
2.10
2.10. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 10 Improvment of cognitive function at the end of follow‐up (MMSE).
2.11
2.11. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 11 Improvement of cognitive function at the end of treatment.
2.12
2.12. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 12 Improvement of depression at the end of treatment.
2.13
2.13. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 13 Improvement of depression at the end of treatment (HAMD).
2.14
2.14. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 14 Improvement of swallowing function at the end of treatment (Water drinking test).
2.15
2.15. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 15 Improvement of swallowing function at the end of treatment (Water drinking test).
2.16
2.16. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 16 Improvement of pain at the end of treatment (Visual Analogue Scale).
2.17
2.17. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 17 Improvement of sleep quality at the end of treatment (Rhone Planck Sleepiness Scale).
2.18
2.18. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 18 Improvement of spasticity at the end of treatment (Modified Ashworth Spasticity Rating Scale).
2.19
2.19. Analysis
Comparison 2 Acupuncture plus baseline treatment versus baseline treatment alone, Outcome 19 Improvement of quality of life at the end of treatment (MOS SF‐36).
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Update of

References

References to studies included in this review

Bao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Bao Y. Clinical study on mild cognitive impairment after stroke treated with cord‐supplementing and brain strengthening acupuncture [益髓健脑针刺法治疗脑梗死后轻度认知功能障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1012467639.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Chou 2009 {published data only (unpublished sought but not used)}
    1. Chou P, Chu H, Lin J. Effects of electroacupuncture treatment on impaired cognition and quality of life in Taiwanese stroke patients. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2009;15(10):1067‐73. - PubMed
Dai 1997 {published data only}
    1. Dai CY, Lu F. Efficacy observation on the treatment of sequelae of cerebral infarction in 46 patients by integrating Chinese with modern medicine. Practical Journal of Integrating Chinese with Modern Medicine 1997;10(1):438.
Gao 2014a {published data only}
    1. Gao X. Clinical observation on treating poststroke depression by scalp acupuncture and back shu points [针刺头穴结合五脏背俞穴治疗中风后抑郁的临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1014250907.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Guo 2011 {published data only}
    1. Guo AS, Li AH, Chen X, Cai JY, Wu QF. Effects of electric‐acupuncture and fluoxetine on depression and neurological function of post‐stroke depression patients [电针联合氟西汀对卒中后抑郁症患者抑郁状态及神经功能的影响]. Shandong Medical Journal 2011;51(25):9‐11.
Guo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Guo LJ, Yang GF. Clinical research of acupuncture treatment combined with popsicle stimulus in the treatment of dysphagia after apoplexy [针刺配合冰棒刺激治疗中风后吞咽困难的临床研究]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine 2012;27(7):918‐9.
Huang 2008a {published data only}
    1. Huang GF, Zhang HX, Zhang TF. Effects of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy on motor function in the hemiplegic patient of cerebral thrombosis at convalescent period [头针结合康复治疗对脑血栓形成恢复期偏瘫患者运动功能的影响]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2008;28(8):573‐5. - PubMed
Ke 2015 {published data only}
    1. Ke J, Wang JH, Li CE. Acupuncture by linguiba method combined with rehabilitation for 40 patients after stroke [针刺灵龟八法配合康复锻炼治疗中风40例]. Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015;35(1):153‐5.
Li 1997a {published data only}
    1. Li X. Efficacy analysis of rehabilitation in the treatment of hemiplegia in 112 stroke patients [112例中风偏瘫患者分组治疗的康复疗效分析]. Chinese Journal of Rehabitative Theory and Practice 1997;3(1):22‐4.
Li 2010a {published data only}
    1. Li W. Efficacy observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment after stroke [针刺对脑卒中后轻度认知功能障碍的疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10026‐2010145185.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Li 2011a {published data only}
    1. Li M. Clinical research on the treatment of cognitive impairment after stroke by pericardium acupuncture [针刺手厥阴心包经特定穴治疗脑卒中后认知障碍的临床研究]. Available at:http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10228‐1011222586.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Li 2013a {published data only}
    1. Li XZ, Liu YX. Observation on the effects of acupuncture and rehabilitation in the treatment of shoulder‐hand syndrome due to stroke [针刺结合康复训练分期治疗肩手综合征的观察]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2013;33(21):5247‐8.
Liu 2013a {published data only}
    1. Liu J, Feng XD. Clinical observation of treating cognitive impairment after stroke by electroacupuncture at Baihui and Shenting with cognitive rehabilitation training [电针百会、神庭穴配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后认知障碍临床研究]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine 2013;28(4):608‐10.
Lun 1999 {published data only}
    1. Lun X, Peng ZF, Peng SZ. Clinical observation on the treatment of sequelae of stroke by needling temporal three points [颞三针为主治疗中风后遗症的临床观察]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1999;15(4):8‐9.
Naeser 1992 {published data only}
    1. Naeser MA, Alexander MP, Stiassny‐Eder D, Galler V, Hobbs J, Bachman D. Real versus sham acupuncture in the treatment of paralysis in acute stroke patients: a CT scan lesion site study. Journal of Neurorehabilitation 1992;6(4):163‐73.
Sun 2013a {published data only}
    1. Sun YT. Clinical study of post‐stroke vascular cognitive impairment treatment with galvano‐acupuncture and cognitive training [电针结合认知训练治疗梗死后血管性认知障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1013226538.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Sun 2015 {published data only}
    1. Sun YT, Bao YH, Wang SL, Chu JM, Li LP. Efficacy observation on the treatment of post‐stroke depression by acupuncture at the acupoints based on ziwuliuzhu and Prozac [子午流注取穴针刺配合百忧解治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2015;355(2):119‐22. - PubMed
Wang 2001 {published data only}
    1. Wang ZY. Compared analyses among Chinese medicinal herbs, acupuncture and combination of them in the treatment of hemiplegia in stroke patients [中药、针刺、针药并举对脑卒中偏瘫康复的疗效对比分析]. Modern Rehabilitation 2001;5(6):130.
Wang 2011a {published data only}
    1. Wang X, Wang WQ. Observation on the treatment of fire needle therapy in 43 patients with shoulder‐hand syndrome after stroke [火针疗法治疗肩手综合征43例]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine 2011;26(4):754‐6.
Wang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wang J, Cui X, Ni HH, Huang CS, Zhou CX, Wu Y, et al. Observation on the effects of interactive scalp acupuncture on motor function in patients with stroke [互动式头针治疗对脑卒中患者运动功能的影响]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012;27(10):941‐3.
Wu 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wu XM, Wang B. Efficacy observation on the treatment of depression caused by stroke in 40 patients by acupuncture and fluoxetine [针刺配合百忧解口服治疗脑卒中后抑郁障碍40例疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Difficult and Complicated Cases 2008;7(6):357‐8.
Wu 2011a {published data only}
    1. Wu W. Efficacy observation on the treatment of post‐stroke strephenopodia by acupuncture and rehabilitation training [针刺配合康复训练治疗中风偏瘫侧足内翻疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture ‐ Moxibustion 2011;30(5):321‐3.
Wu 2013a {published data only}
    1. Wu YL, Wang L, Tuo S, Yu X, Wang Q. Clinical study on the effects of acupuncture kinesitherapy for dysphagia caused by pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke [互动式针刺法对卒中后假性延髓麻痹吞咽困难的疗效]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2013;28(8):739‐42,757.
Xu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Xu JY, Zhou ZL, Wu J. Clinical observation on the treatment of post‐stroke dysphagia by Tiaoshen Tongluo Acupuncture combined with Tongue 3‐needle and acupuncturing Double Yifeng Acupoints [调神通络针法结合舌三针及针刺双侧翳风穴治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难临床观察]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;37(9):1117‐8, 1132.
Yao 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yao WJ. Clinical research on the effects of huici acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of upper extremity dysfunction due to stroke [恢刺法结合康复训练对脑卒中后上肢功能障碍影响的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐1014409892.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Zhan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zhan LX. Acupuncture and moxibustion in combination with rehabilitation in the treatment of senile cerebral apoplexy hemiplegia: random parallel control study [针灸联合康复训练治疗老年脑卒中偏瘫随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2014;28(1):134‐6.
Zhang 2013a {published data only}
    1. Zhang ZR. Clinical research on treating post‐stroke depression by electric acupuncture shenwuxing [电针神五星治疗中风后抑郁的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10633‐1014171987.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Zhang 2015 {published data only}
    1. Zhan WY. Clinical research on the effects of scalp acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of hemiplegia due to cerebral thrombosis [头针联合康复治疗脑血栓形成偏瘫患者的临床研究]. Journal of Yanan University (Medical Sciences) 2015;13(1):35‐7.
Zheng 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zheng Q. Clinical study on the treatment of mild cognitive impairment after stroke by yishentiaodu acupuncture [益肾调督针法治疗脑卒中后轻度认知功能障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1014250904.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Zhou 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zhou YF. Acupuncture for poststroke depression: a single‐center randomized controlled trial [针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中后抑郁的随机对照试验]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10344‐1015546952.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Zhu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhu XJ, Gao WB, Yang XY. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitative exercises in the treatment of shoulder subluxation after stroke [针刺结合康复训练治疗中风后肩关节半脱位的临床观察]. Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;14(3):23‐5.

References to studies excluded from this review

Bai 2007 {published data only}
    1. Bai L, Jin GY. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation on the neurologic function after stroke [针刺联合现代康复治疗脑梗死神经功能缺损的临床研究]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;25(4):838‐9.
Bai 2011 {published data only}
    1. Bai ZQ. Observation on the effects of acupuncture on aphasia following ischemic stroke [针刺治疗脑梗塞失语症疗效的观察]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy 2011;20(3):125.
Bai 2013 {published data only}
    1. Bai YL, Li L, Hu YS. Prospective, randomized controlled trial of physiotherapy and acupuncture on motor function and daily activities in patients with ischemic stroke. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2013;19:684‐9. - PubMed
Bao 2008 {published data only}
    1. Bao J, Pan XH. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [针刺加康复训练对脑卒中吞咽障碍的疗效观察]. Journal of Hebei Medical University 2008;29(6):876‐7.
Bao 2010 {published data only}
    1. Bao ZY, Kang P, Zhu HQ, Yang CY. Efficacy observation on the treatment of pseudobulbar palsy due to stroke by auditory evoked potential acupuncture [听觉诱发电位对针刺治疗中风后假性球麻痹疗效评定]. Chinese Journal of Misdiagnosis 2010;10(36):8857‐8.
Bao 2012a {published data only}
    1. Bao YH, Wang YW, Chu JM, Zhu GX, Wang CM, Hou HM. Observation of the curative effect of electrical acupuncture combined with rehabilitation on shoulder pain following hemiplegia [电针结合康复对中风后偏瘫肩痛患者疼痛及上肢运动功能改善作用的临床观察]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;19(1):59‐60.
Cai 2010 {published data only}
    1. Cai SH, Yan LH, Nie B. Clinical observation on the treatment of apoplexy hemiplegia by electrical acupuncture at the back shu points and the front mu points [俞募穴电针治疗中风偏瘫临床观察]. Clinical Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;22(2):124‐6.
Calabro 2011 {published data only}
    1. Calabro S. Scalp acupuncture for stroke. Acupuncture Today 2011; Vol. 12:37.
Cao 2010a {published data only}
    1. Cao RL, Yang GQ, Huang LP, Zhang ZC. Acupuncture at tongue tri‐point and ren ying point for swallowing dysfunction after stroke [舌三针及人迎穴为主治疗脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;31(1):89.
Cao 2010b {published data only}
    1. Cao XQ. Acupuncture combined with dialectical treatment for 54 cases with pseudobulbar palsy after stroke [辨证论治配合针刺治疗假性球麻痹54例]. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;22(8):718.
Chang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Chang JL, Gao Y, Li SL, Wang J, Cao KG, Ma B. Effect of acupuncture and speech rehabilitation on motor aphasia after stroke [针刺配合语言康复治疗脑卒中后运动性失语]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice 2010;16(1):58‐9.
Chao 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chao WB. Clinical study on treatment of aphasia due to apoplexy by acupuncture [针灸治疗中风失语症临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Basic Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine 2009;15(8):619,625.
Chau 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chau AC, Cheung RT, Jiang X. Acupuncture of motor‐implicated acupoints on subacute stroke patients: an fMRI evaluation study. Medical acupuncture 2009;21(4):233‐41.
Che 2002 {published data only}
    1. Che JL. Clinical observation on the treatment of sequelae of stroke in 40 patients with relatively long duration by needling abdominal points. Jiangshu Traditional Chinese Medicine 2002;23(1):31‐2.
Chen 2000 {published data only}
    1. Chen ZF, Jiang GH, Lai XS. Clinical observation on the effects of electronic acupuncture treating vascular dementia [电针治疗血管性痴呆临床疗效观察]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2000;16(12):18‐20.
Chen 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chen W, Gu HW, Liu XQ, Yu Q, Liu SH, Liu HL. Observation on the effects of neurological function in patients with ischemic stroke by needing Zusanli and Xuanzhong points [针刺足三里、悬钟对缺血性脑卒中神经功能的影响及其临床意义]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2007;22(12):1110‐1.
Chen 2008a {published data only}
    1. Chen AL, Li XP, Yu JL, Shi WH, Zhou J, Wang W. Effect of nerve trunk acupuncture combined with rehabilitation on hand function of stroke patients [针刺神经干及康复训练对脑卒中患者手功能的影响]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2008;23(6):416.
Chen 2008b {published data only}
    1. Chen M. Results of acupuncture on the dysphagia due to cerebral stroke [针刺治疗对脑卒中吞咽障碍康复的效果]. China Tropical Medicine 2008;8(12):2177, 2194.
Chen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chen YQ. Clinical study with sEMG on efficacy of acupuncture in combination with rehabilitation in relieving the foot drop of the patients with stroke [针灸配合康复治疗对中风偏瘫后足下垂疗效的表面肌电研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐2009252155.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Chen 2010a {published data only}
    1. Chen X, Chen YF, Mao M, Mou X, Rao P, Bai Y. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture therapy combined with contemporary rehabilitation techniques for hemiplegia and spasticity caused by apoplexy [针刺结合现代康复技术治疗中风偏瘫痉挛状态的临床研究]. Journal of Chengdu University of TCM 2010;33(1):27‐9.
Chen 2010b {published data only}
    1. Chen YY. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation for patients with limb spasticity after stroke [针刺配合康复疗法对中风病肢体痉挛患者的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2010126355.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Chen 2012a {published data only}
    1. Chen HY. Clinical observation on Quanjing acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation training for treatment of hemiplegia and spasticity caused by apoplexy [全经针刺法结合康复训练治疗恢复期中风偏瘫痉挛状态的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10541‐1012401427.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Chen 2012b {published data only}
    1. Chen YH, Jiang TZ, Zhang B, Huang W, Liu N, Cao SJ. Clinical study on acupuncture in the treatment of swallowing dysfunction from apoplexy [针刺治疗脑梗死后吞咽障碍临床研究]. Clinical Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;24(11):1067‐9.
Chen 2013 {published data only}
    1. Chen LF. Acupuncture for young ischemic stroke: a controlled randomized trial. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐13003317) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Chen 2014 {published data only}
    1. Chen CY, Ge LB, Xu MS. Clinical study on the evaluation of acupuncture in treating ischemic stroke of recovery stage mostly based on static equilibrium [以静态平衡为主评估针刺治疗缺血性中风恢复期临床疗效]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2014;33(4):291‐5.
Cheng 2006 {published data only}
    1. Cheng Y, Tang QS. Clinical random control study of acupuncture on treating stagnation of liver‐qi with deficiency of the spleen syndrome of gerontic depressive disorder after stroke [针刺治疗老年期中风后郁证肝郁脾虚候的随机对照临床研究]. Journal of TCM Brain Diseases 2006;2(2):129‐32.
Cheng 2007 {published data only}
    1. Cheng Y, Tang QS. Abdominal acupuncture in treating liver‐qi stagnation and spleen deficiency in the elderly with post‐stroke depression: A randomized and controlled observation [腹针治疗老年期脑卒中后郁证肝郁脾虚候的随机对照观察]. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research 2007;11(39):7791‐4.
Cheng 2011 {published data only}
    1. Cheng XK, Wang ZM, Sun L. Post‐stroke hand dysfunction treated with acupuncture at Zhongzhu (TE 3) and Waiguan (TE 5) [针刺中渚、外关治疗脑卒中后手功能障碍]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2011;31(2):117‐20. - PubMed
Chow 2006 {published data only}
    1. Chow ESL, Lau PMY, Chau RMW. Effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in stroke rehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair 2006;20:209.
Chu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Chu YJ, Wang CY, Zhang Y. Clinical observation of acupuncture for 72 cases with depression after stroke [针刺治疗脑卒中后抑郁症72例临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2007;27(9):1720‐1.
Chu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Chu GX, Yi XQ. Clinical observation on the treatment of spastic paralysis by electrical acupuncture combined with rehabilitation [电针结合康复疗法治疗中风痉挛性瘫痪的临床观察]. Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2009;31(8):13‐4.
Cui 1992 {published data only}
    1. Cui YY, Zhao JH, Huang WC, Wang AP. Observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of compulsive crying and laughing due to multiple cerebral infarction [针刺治疗多发性脑梗塞性强哭强笑症的疗效观察]. Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1992;1:19‐20.
Ding 2000 {published data only}
    1. Ding BY, Cui YJ. Observation on the effects of acupuncture and cupping in the treatment of arthritic spasm in 52 stroke patients. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2000;19(3):28.
Dong 2007a {published data only}
    1. Dong G. The optimized scheme of acupuncture treatment on symptom based stroke sequelae and clinical assessment on generic technology. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/Site/English/Index.htm) ( ChiCTR‐TRC‐08000209) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2007.
Dong 2007b {published data only}
    1. Dong JP, Sun WY, Wang S, Wu ZQ, Liu F. Clinical observation on the effects of head point‐through‐point electroacupuncture for treatment of poststroke depression [头部电针透穴治疗脑卒中后抑郁症临床观察]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2007;27(4):241‐4. - PubMed
Dong 2008a {published data only}
    1. Dong G. Clinical curative effect and safe research on treatment of haemorrhagic stroke with stage acupuncture. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐08000225) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Dong 2008b {published data only}
    1. Dong JL, Xi GM, Zhou SH. Study of acupuncture Lianquan point combined with Fengchi point for 32 patients with pseudobulbar palsy after stroke [风池配合廉泉穴针灸治疗脑卒中后假性延髓性麻痹32 例]. Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases 2008;11(1):38‐9.
Dong 2009 {published data only}
    1. Dong Y, Liu G, Wang T. Tongdu Kaiyin acupuncture for 30 patients with aphasia after stroke [通督开喑针法治疗脑卒中失语症30例]. Journal of Anhui Traditional Chinese Medical College 2009;28(1):34‐6.
Du 2013 {published data only}
    1. Du GY. Observation on the effects of acupuncture for 100 cases with postapoplectic pseudobulbar palsy [针灸治疗中风后假性球麻痹100例]. Journal of Medical Theory and Practice 2013;25(1):40‐1.
Duan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Duan YW, Sun XJ, Feng X, Xu JX. Observation of 40 patients with postapoplectic pseudobulbar palsy treated by acupuncture [针刺治疗脑卒中后假性球麻痹40 例]. Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica 2010;31(10):45‐6.
Duan 2014 {published data only}
    1. Duan JY, Ding BY, Zong L. Clinical observation of acupuncture at the thirteen ghost Aacupoints for post‐stroke anxiety and depression [针刺十三鬼穴为主治疗脑卒中焦虑抑郁共病临床观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2014;33(6):536‐8.
Fang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Fang GF, Liu JD. Effect of acupuncture combined with function training for post‐stoke dysphagia [针刺配合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍疗效分析]. Modern Medicine Journal of China 2009;11(11):54‐7.
Feng 1996a {published data only}
    1. Feng SL, Guo ZQ, Xie GR. Observation on the clinical effects of hemiplegia from apoplexy treated by needling Feng Fu, Ya Men points. Journal of Hunan College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1996;16(3):61‐4.
Feng 1996b {published data only}
    1. Feng SL, Guo ZQ, Xie GR. Clinical observation and experimental studies on the treatment of cerebral thrombus by needling "Feng Fu, Ya Men" points. Journal of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1996;13(2):20‐3.
Feng 2011 {published data only}
    1. Feng X. Acupuncture for 68 cases with supranuclear paralysis caused by stroke [针刺翳风穴配合咽后壁点刺治疗假性延髓麻痹68 例]. Guangming Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;26(5):1007.
Fink 2004 {published data only}
    1. Fink M, Rollnik JD, Bijak M, Borstädt C, Däuper J, Guergueltcheva V, et al. Needle acupuncture in chronic poststroke leg spasticity. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004;85(4):667‐72. - PubMed
Fu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Fu WB, Guo Y, Chen XK. Comprehensive therapeutic protocol of electroacupuncture combined with Chinese herbs and rehabilitation training for treatment of cerebral infarction: a multi‐center randomized controlled trial [电针联合中药、康复训练综合方案治疗脑梗死：多中心随机对照研究]. Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion 2010;30(1):6‐9. - PubMed
Fu 2013 {published data only}
    1. Fu LX. Acupuncture treatment of ischemic stroke basal ganglia aphasia clinical curative effect evaluation: a randomized controlled study. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) ( ChiCTR‐TRC‐12003168) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Fu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Fu ZY, Li XR, Wu QM, Li DD, Liu WA. Clinical observation on acupuncture and Chinese medicine combined with stroke unit for treatment of ischemic stroke at convalescence stage [针刺和中药结合卒中单元治疗缺血性脑卒中恢复期患者的临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine on Cardio/Cerebrovascular Disease 2014;12(1):48‐51.
Gao 2001 {published data only}
    1. Gao HY, Yan LF, Liu BB. Clinical study on treatment of senile vascular dementia by acupuncture. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2001;21(2):103‐9. - PubMed
Gao 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gao CY. Clinical observation on the effects of rehabilitation combined with acupuncture in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [脑卒中后吞咽困难康复训练加针刺治疗疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2008;28(12):2486‐7.
Gao 2011 {published data only}
    1. Gao GY. Clinical research on the treatment of hemiplegia after stroke by scalp acupuncture and Brunnstrom technique [头针配合Brunnstrom促通技术治疗缺血性脑卒中后偏瘫患者的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10507‐1012253202.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Gao 2014b {published data only}
    1. Gao ZQ. Research on the treatment of hemiplegia after stroke by optimized techniques of acupuncture and moxibustion [针灸康复优化技术治疗中风后偏瘫的研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10369‐1014334635.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Gong 2008 {published data only}
    1. Gong H. The clinical investigation of ultrasound, laser therapy and acupuncture for patients with cerebral infarction [超声、激光加针灸治疗脑梗塞的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10422‐2008189373.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Gu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Gu HW, Ma WP, Chen W, Li QS, Liu XQ, Liu SH. Treatment of ischemic stroke by acupuncture at Zusanli and Xuanzhong [针刺足三里和悬钟治疗缺血性脑卒中]. Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation Tissue Engineering Research 2007;11(25):4931‐3.
Gu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Gu YC. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture at Jinjinyuye point combined with speech therapy for broca aphasia after stroke [针刺金津玉液结合语言康复训练治疗中风后运动性失语的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐2009201641.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Guan 2009a {published data only}
    1. Guan CX, Guo GH, Yu L. Observation on the effects of acupuncture plus deglutition training in the treatment of dysphagia caused by stroke [针刺配合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效观察]. Journal of Medical Forum 2009;30(4):19‐23.
Guan 2009b {published data only}
    1. Guan CY. Observation on therapeutic effect of Youxuan acupuncture and rehabilitation exercise in the treatment of hemiplegia after apoplexy [针刺优选法结合现代康复治疗脑卒中后偏瘫临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10760‐2009119611.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Guan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Guan C. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture at heel vessel points and rehabilitation training in the treatment of strephenopodia after cerebral infarction [针刺跷脉穴结合康复训练治疗脑梗死后足内翻的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10541‐1013183193.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Guo 1999 {published data only}
    1. Guo XY, Wei YF. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of muscular spasm in 124 stroke patients. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1999;9:553.
Guo 2006a {published data only}
    1. Guo XL. Effects of scalp acupuncture combined with function training on the gait of stroke patients [头针结合康复训练对脑卒中后患者偏瘫步态的影响]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐2006162983.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2006.
Guo 2006b {published data only}
    1. Guo Y. Therapeutic effect observation of acupoint blocking on shoulder joint subluxation of post‐apoplexy [穴位封闭治疗中风后肩关节半脱位疗效观察]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;22(3):39‐40.
Guo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Guo QS. Clinical observation on the treatment of stroke hemiplegia by acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine [针刺联合中药治疗中风偏瘫临床观察]. Journal of Liaoning University of TCM 2013;15(1):187‐9.
Han 2008 {published data only}
    1. Han P. Effects of scalp acupuncture and occupation therapy on motor functions of the upper limb in patients with stroke [头针结合作业疗法对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能及生活自理能力影响的临床对照研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐2008207891.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Han 2010 {published data only}
    1. Han XY, Liu Y. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [针刺结合康复护理治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的临床研究]. China New Technologies and Products. 2010;4:15.
Han 2011 {published data only}
    1. Han DX, Zhuang LX, Zhang Y. Evaluation on efficacy of Jin's "Sanzhen" therapy combined with rehabilitation training for hemiplegia of stroke patients by Fugl‐Meyer scale [用Fugl‐Meyer 量表评价靳三针结合康复训练对脑梗死偏瘫的疗效]. Acupuncture research 2011;36(3):209‐14. - PubMed
Han 2012 {published data only}
    1. Han N. Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for swallowing dysfunction following stroke [针刺配合康复训练治疗中风后吞咽功能障碍]. Journal of Community Medicine 2012;10(9):32‐3.
Han 2014 {published data only}
    1. Han J, Wu Y. Post‐stroke patients with dysarthria treated by acupuncture at neck points, tongue acupuncture plus speech rehabilitation training: a randomized parallel controlled study [项针、舌针联合言语康复训练治疗脑卒中后构音障碍随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2014;28(5):135‐7.
Hang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Hang FJ, Fu XY, Wang TT, Dai DC, Tang CL, He XG. Effects of oral placement therapy combined with acupuncture of specific points on dysphagia after stroke [口腔定位疗法联合特定穴位针刺对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的影响]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2014;29(12):1129‐33.
He 2008 {published data only}
    1. He YJ. Clinical study on treating urinary incontinence after stroke by acupuncture [针灸治疗脑卒中后尿失禁的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2008100424.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Hegyi 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hegyi G, Szigeti G. Rehabilitation of stroke patients using Yamamoto New Scalp Acupuncture: a pilot study. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2012;18(10):971‐7. - PubMed
Hong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Hong YB, Cheng HY, Wang GL, Xia SW, Liu H, Liu HL. Clinical research of special acupuncture therapy by TCM differentiation on improving quality of life in patients of ischemic stroke [辨证应用特色针刺疗法对缺血性脑卒中患者生活质量的改善]. Journal of Medical Research 2013;42(2):41‐5.
Hou 1998 {published data only}
    1. Hou AL, Wang L, Pu Y. Clinical observation of treatment of multi‐infarctional dementia by herbs, oxygen and acupuncture. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1998;17(2):12‐3.
Hsing 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hsing W, Imamura M, Weaver K, Fregni F, Azevedo Neto RS. Clinical effects of scalp electrical acupuncture in stroke: a sham‐controlled randomized clinical trial. Journal of Alternative & Complementary Medicine 2012;18(4):341‐6. - PubMed
Hu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Hu JK, Hu KM, Hu T. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with speech training for spasmodic dysphonia after apoplexy [针刺结合语言训练治疗脑卒中痉挛型构音障碍的临床研究]. Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;29(2):117‐9.
Hu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Hu SL. Balanced muscular tension needling method with Shenqifutan capsule treatment of cerebral infarction recovering from clinical observation [张力平衡针法配合参芪复瘫胶囊治疗脑梗塞恢复期的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10541‐1012401619.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Huang 2002 {published data only}
    1. Huang HS, Huang X. Effects of "Chuan Xiong Qin and Huang Qi" on the treatment of upper and lower limbs pain due to stroke in 50 patients. Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2002;18(1):9‐10.
Huang 2008b {published data only}
    1. Huang F, Liu Y, Zhou FX. Effects of acupuncture on vascular cognitive impairment after stroke [针刺对脑梗死后血管性认知障碍的影响]. Guangdong Medical Journal 2008;29(11):1918‐20.
Huang 2008c {published data only}
    1. Huang F. Clinical observation on puncturing mainly back‐shu points for treating blood‐stasis blocking collateral type of ischemic apoplexy [针刺背俞穴为主治疗气虚血瘀型缺血性中风的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2008100417.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Huang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Huang ZJ, Chen JX, Chang ZY. Clinic analysis of half‐length‐flabbiness after hemiplegia stroke treated by acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training [针灸配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后半身不遂的临床研究]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine 2011;26(9):1149‐50.
Huang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Huang GW. Clinical study of acupuncture treatment for fecal and urine incontinence after stroke [针刺治疗中风后大小便失禁的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐1012402005.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Huang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Huang LL. Randomized controlled clinical study on Shenque Fuxi Bagua acupuncture therapy in treating constipation after stroke [神阙伏羲八卦针刺疗法治疗中风后便秘的随机对照临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10633‐1015543271.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Jia 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jia CJ, Ni GX, Tan H, Zhang X. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of stage‐IV shoulder‐hand syndrome from apoplexy [康复训练结合针灸治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征IV期临床疗效观察]. Journal of Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;28(4):711‐2.
Jiang 1998 {published data only}
    1. Jiang GH, Li YH, Yang WH. Clinical observation on treatment of sequelae of stroke with CT localization acupuncture. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1998;17(2):6‐7.
Jiang 2000 {published data only}
    1. Jiang ZY, Li CD. Needling paravertebral points in treatment of post‐stroke thalamic pain. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 2000;11(1):7‐10.
Jiang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Jiang H, Wen XY, Shi TH, Zhang SM. Efficacy observation on the treatment of depression due to lacunar infarction by electroacupuncture [电针刺激治疗腔隙性脑梗死后抑郁状态的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2006;28(12):807‐10.
Jiang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Jiang D, Zhang L, Li B. Acupuncture for 27 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针刺治疗假性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍27例]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Healthcare 2009;12(5):518‐9.
Jiang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Jiang Y, Zhu JG, Xiong J. Clinical observation of consciousness restoring obstruction clearing needling technique in the treatment of subacute cerebral hemorrhage [醒脑开窍针刺法治疗亚急性期脑出血的临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy 2010;19(18):89‐90.
Jiang 2011a {published data only}
    1. Jiang L, Zhao J. Acupuncture combined with drugs in the treatment of post‐stroke depression [针灸结合药物治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床研究]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;27(11):15‐7.
Jiang 2011b {published data only}
    1. Jiang YJ. Electroacupuncture DU20 and DU24 treatment on cognitive impairment after stroke [电针百会、神庭对脑卒中后认知功能障碍的影响]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10393‐1011220783.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Jiang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Jiang L. Clinical research on acupuncture treatment for pseudobulbar paralysis after stroke [针刺治疗脑卒中后假性延髓麻痹的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1012468023.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Jiang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Jiang P, Zheng ZY. Clinical observation on the treatment of hemiplegia spasticity by acupuncture antagonist muscle corresponding acupoints and Bobath therapy [针刺拮抗肌相应穴位结合Bobath 疗法治疗偏瘫痉挛状态的临床观察]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2013;29(1):18‐20.
Jin 1993 {published data only}
    1. Jin R, Lai XS, Li YH, Liang RA. Clinical observation on the treatment of sequelae of stroke with three temporal needling. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1993;2:11‐2.
Jin 2010a {published data only}
    1. Jin CX. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with rehabilittion for upper limber spasticity induced by stroke [针刺结合康复治疗中风偏瘫上肢痉挛状态的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐87801‐2010263051.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Jin 2010b {published data only}
    1. Jin RJ, Zhu TM, Wang Q. Effects of electric acupuncture at acupoint of antagonistic muscles combined with facilitation techniques on motor function and activity of daily living in patients with hemiplegia caused by cerebral infarction [电针拮抗肌腧穴复合易化技术对脑梗塞后偏瘫患者运动功能及日常生活能力的影响]. Journal of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;33(3):9‐12.
Kang 2011 {published data only}
    1. Kang JJ. Clinical study on the effects of electroacupuncture on GV20 and EX‐HN1 on stroke patients with cognitive impairment [电针百会及四神聪治疗脑卒中认知障碍患者的临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐1011220779.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Kang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Kang GF, Chen JH, Li TL, Wu QM, Yang RF. Efficacy of Shen‐qi Fu‐tan capsule and tension balance acupuncture on cerebral infarction at convalescence: a clinical observation of 30 cases [参芪复瘫胶囊联合张力平衡针法治疗脑梗死恢复期30例临床观察]. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy 2013;19(12):14‐6.
Kjendahl 1997 {published data only}
    1. Kjendahl A, Sallstrom S, Osten PE, Stanghelle JK. A one year follow‐up study on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of stroke patients in the subacute stage: a randomized, controlled study. Clinical Rehabilitation 1997;11:192‐200. - PubMed
Lai 1997a {published data only}
    1. Lai XS. Observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of senile vascular dementia. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1997;4:201‐2.
Lai 1997b {published data only}
    1. Lain XS, Zhang JW, Muo FZ, Jiang GH, Li JQ, Zheng ZC. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of vascular dementia. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1997;12:713‐6.
Lai 1998 {published data only}
    1. Lai XS, Muo FZ, Jiang GH, Li JQ, Chen JL, Kuang ZY. Observation of clinical effect of acupuncture on vascular dementia and its influence on superoxide dismutase, lipid peroxide and nitric oxide. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 1998;18(11):648‐51. - PubMed
Lai 2004 {published data only}
    1. Lai XS, Liu JY, Jiang GM. Effect of combination of acupuncture treatment at Liench' tian and plum blossom needle treatment at the tip of tongue on aphasia after stroke and its significance on hemorheology. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;8(19):3818‐20.
Lai 2011 {published data only}
    1. Lai J. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for dysarthria after stroke [针刺结合康复治疗脑卒中后构音障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10633‐1011155206.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Lang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lang JY, Zhuang LX, He J, Jia C, Zhou SH, Ke LP. Randomized controlled study on Jin's three needle therapy on spastic hemiplegia after ischemic stroke ["靳三针"疗法治疗缺血性中风后痉挛性偏瘫随机对照研究]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2013;32(6):440‐3.
Lao 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lao LZ. Clinical research on motility dysarthria after stroke treated with acupuncture combining with rehabilitation training [针刺结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后运动性构音障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1013229348.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Lee 2007 {published data only}
    1. Lee SW, Yun JM, Son JW, Kang BG, Park SM, Yun H J. The effect of electroacupuncture on upper‐extremity spasticity of stroke patients. Journal of Korean Oriental Medicine 2007;28:492‐501.
Lee 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lee SY, Baek YH, Park SU. Intradermal acupuncture on Shen‐Men and Nei‐Kuan acupoints improves insomnia in stroke patients by reducing the sympathetic nervous activity: a randomized clinical trial. American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2009;37(6):1013‐21. - PubMed
Lei 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lei YQ, Li RL, Lin QF, Han ZY, Wu CH, Huang XH. Zengshi Taichi acupuncture for 65 patients with pseudobulbar palsy after stroke [曾氏太极针法治疗脑卒中后假性球麻痹65例]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;40(4):780‐1.
Li 1993 {published data only}
    1. Li YH, Jin R. Three forms of acupuncture in the treatment of sequelae of cerebrovascular accident. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1993;4:35‐8.
Li 1994a {published data only}
    1. Li CD, Huang Y, LI YK, Hu KM, Jiang ZY. Treating post‐stroke depression with "mind‐refreshing antidepressive" acupuncture therapy: a clinical study of 21 cases. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 1994;5(4):389‐93.
Li 1994b {published data only}
    1. Li YH, Jin R. Clinical study in the treatment of sequelae of cerebrovascular accident with needling temporal points. Acupuncture Research 1994;19(2):4‐6. - PubMed
Li 1997b {published data only}
    1. Li YH, Yang WH, Zhuang LX, Zheng L. Clinical study of acupuncture in the treatment of vascular dementia. Acupuncture Research 1997;3(1):22‐4.
Li 2006a {published data only}
    1. Li CY, Fan YZ, Xue WH, Tian Y, Yan L, Ni AH. Clinical study on Baihui(GV 20) acupuncture in treating cerebral infarction [针刺百会穴治疗脑梗塞的临床研究]. Shanghai Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;40(6):19‐20.
Li 2006b {published data only}
    1. Li GC, Zhao X. Clinical observation on treatment of apoplectic aphasia by acupuncture plus rehabilitation [针刺配合康复治疗脑卒中失语的临床观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2006;25(9):13‐4.
Li 2006c {published data only}
    1. Li J, Wang Y, Liu B. Observation on the curative effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation on postapoplectic shoulder pain [针灸结合康复手法治疗脑卒中后肩痛的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Trauma and Disability Medicine 2006;14(1):37‐8.
Li 2006d {published data only}
    1. Li T, Tian GJ, Zhang L, Wei GW, Ma Q, Han JX. Clinical study of acupuncture on the neurological function in postoperative patients with extensive cerebral infarction [针刺对大面积脑梗塞术后病人神经功能的影响]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2006;25(9):3‐5.
Li 2006e {published data only}
    1. Li T, Zhao JG, Tian GJ, Zhang L, Liu SJ. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture on neurological function in patient after operation of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage [针刺对高血压脑出血术后病人神经功能的影响]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2006;26(4):247‐9. - PubMed
Li 2008a {published data only}
    1. Li JA, Li JL. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of dysphagia induced by ischemic stroke [针刺治疗缺血性中风后吞咽困难的临床观察]. Journal of Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;15(4):17‐9.
Li 2008b {published data only}
    1. Li P, Sun GF, Yao GM, Yan RY, Xia MH, Zhang WJ. Clinical observations on the treatment of dysphagia induced by pseudobulbar palsy by acupuncture plus rehabilitation therapy [针刺联合康复治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2008;27(5):10‐1.
Li 2008c {published data only}
    1. Li SW, Zhang ZX. Efficacy observation on the rehabilitation of stroke by acupuncture [针刺在脑梗死康复治疗中的应用价值观察]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;32(4):514‐5.
Li 2008d {published data only}
    1. Li T. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with language recovery training for 32 patients with motor aphasia after apoplexy [针刺配合语言训练治疗中风后运动性失语32例临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10199‐2009021115.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Li 2009a {published data only}
    1. Li F. Clinical study on the treatment of post‐stroke depression by acupuncture combined with fluoxetine [针刺结合百忧解治疗中风后抑郁症的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10507‐2009158081.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Li 2009b {published data only}
    1. Li Y, Zhang J, Chen YJ, Pan FQ, Xiao ZX, Tian JY. Research on the effects of neuro‐facilitation technique combined with acupuncture on activities of daily living in stroke patients [神经促通技术联合针刺对脑卒中偏瘫患者日常生活活动能力的影响]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2009;24(12):1106‐8.
Li 2010b {published data only}
    1. Li CW. Effects of acupuncture on swallowing function in patients with stroke [针刺对脑卒中患者吞咽功能的影响]. Journal of Emergency Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;19(9):1609.
Li 2010c {published data only}
    1. Li HY, Li LF, Li Y. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [针刺联合康复训练对脑卒中后假性球麻痹吞咽困难干预作用的临床研究]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine 2010;25(5):830‐1.
Li 2011b {published data only}
    1. Li PF, Pan YX, Wang Y, Sun PY, Pu F, Zhang YL. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [针刺配合吞咽康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;27(9):1‐5.
Li 2011c {published data only}
    1. Li WL. Clinical study on the effects of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for hemiplegia after ischemic stroke [电针结合康复训练治疗缺血性中风后偏瘫的临床研究]. Jiangsu Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;43(9):68‐9.
Li 2011d {published data only}
    1. Li Y. Acupuncture treatment for motor aphasia after stroke [针刺治疗中风后运动性失语症]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10507‐1012252976.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Li 2012a {published data only}
    1. Li D. Efficacy observation on treating swallow dysfunction after stroke by acupuncture combined with deglutition training [针灸配合吞咽训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效观察]. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2012;4(23):38‐9.
Li 2012b {published data only}
    1. Li FF. Clinical effect of early rehabilitation combined with acupuncture therapy on stroke patients with dysphagia [早期康复结合针刺治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍临床疗效观察]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2012;44(6):147‐8.
Li 2012c {published data only}
    1. Li F, Tang JY, Cheng HL, Hong W, Yang J. Rehabilitation effect evaluation of tri‐tongue‐acus and cold stimulus add tongue muscle training for stroke patients with swallowing disorder [针刺加冷刺激配合舌肌训练对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者的康复疗效评价]. China Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy 2012;27(9):2471‐4.
Li 2012d {published data only}
    1. Li G, Zhang Y, Luo HQ. Clinical observation on the curative effect of acupuncture combined with estazolam for postapoplectic insomnia [针刺联合艾司唑仑治疗脑卒中后失眠的疗效观察]. Medical Journal of National Defending Forces in Southwest China 2012;22(6):641‐2.
Li 2012e {published data only}
    1. Li J. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation for 35 patients with sequela of apoplexy [针刺结合康复治疗中风后遗症35例临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine On Cardio‐/Cerebrovascular Disease 2012;10(6):697‐8.
Li 2012f {published data only}
    1. Li Q. Clinical research of treating dysphagia after stroke by acupuncture [针刺治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2012;4(12):37‐8.
Li 2012g {published data only}
    1. Li SG, Zhou QS. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with massage for hemiplegia after stroke [针刺配合推拿治疗中风后偏瘫的临床研究]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2012;21(23):2554‐5.
Li 2013b {published data only}
    1. Li F, Cai RL, Zhai L. Impacts of acupuncture at Jing‐well points on the differentiated meridians and temple‐three‐needle therapy on P300 of patients with early vascular cognitive impairment [辨经刺井配合颞三针对早期血管性认知障碍患者P300的影响]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2013;33(9):784‐8. - PubMed
Li 2013c {published data only}
    1. Li LH. Clinical observation on Quanjing acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation training treatment of convalescent the stroke hemiplegia movement dysfunction [全经针刺法结合康复训练治疗恢复期中风偏瘫运动功能障碍的疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10541‐1013183196.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Li 2014 {published data only}
    1. Li YG, Liu Q. Effect of acupuncture combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation for postapoplectic dysphagia [针刺配合神经肌肉电刺激治疗对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的影响]. Journal of Ningxia Medical University 2014;36(4):450‐2.
Li 2015 {published data only}
    1. Li J, Hu KM, Yang L, Qu Y, Luo L, Li DH. Clinical observation on 90 cases of dysarthria after stroke treated with acupuncture and speech rehabilitation [针刺结合言语康复治疗脑卒中后构音障碍90例临床观察]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015;56(4):300‐3, 310.
Liang 1993 {published data only}
    1. Liang R. Clinical observation and experimental studies on the treatment of sequelae of stroke by needling temporal points. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 1993;4(1):19‐26.
Liang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Liang JL. Acupuncture combined with pulse electric acupuncture for 60 patients with aphasia after apoplexy [针刺加脉冲电针治疗中风后失语60例]. Guangxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;33(2):30‐1.
Liang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Liang K. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of pseudobulbar palsy due to cerebral infarction [针刺治疗脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹的临床疗效研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1012467877.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Liao 2006a {published data only}
    1. Liao HW. Clinical observations on the efficacy of occupational therapy plus acupuncture for treating reflex sympathetic dystrophy [作业疗法合针灸治疗肩手综合征45例疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2006;25(3):9‐10.
Liao 2006b {published data only}
    1. Liao HW. Application of scalp acupuncture combined with language training in treatment of aphasia following stroke [头针结合语言治疗在卒中后失语症中的应用]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2006;10(11):115‐6.
Liao 2013 {published data only}
    1. Liao XD. Clinical observation of fire‐needle therapy combined with Bobath therapy on spastic hemiplegia after stroke [火针点刺结合Bobath疗法治疗中风痉挛性偏瘫临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1013225433.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Liao 2014 {published data only}
    1. Liao SQ, Jiang Z, Zhuo LP, Huang SE. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture at "Quchi" and "Waiguan" acupoints on hand function recovery after stroke [针刺"曲池" "外关”穴位促进脑卒中手功能恢复临床研究]. Asia‐Pacific Traditional Medicine 2014;10(22):60‐2.
Lim 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lim CS, Park SK, Sun SH, Lee KH. Research on Korean Pharmacopuncture in South Korea since 2007. Journal of Pharmacopuncture 2014;17(4):15‐21. - PMC - PubMed
Lin 2010a {published data only}
    1. Lin H, Ding XJ, Fu B. Effect of acupuncture combined with medications on postapoplectic cognitive impairment [针灸配合药物治疗对脑卒中后认知障碍的影响]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2010;19(1):36‐7.
Lin 2010b {published data only}
    1. Lin ZL, Zhen J, Li FQ. Effects of acupuncture on recovery of depression after stroke [针刺对脑卒中后抑郁康复疗效的影响]. China Prac Med 2010;5(8):59‐60.
Lin 2012 {published data only}
    1. Lin JW. A clinical research on the effects of acupunture at the Sun 13 ghost‐points for 60 cases with post‐stroke depression [针刺孙氏十三鬼穴治疗卒中后抑郁疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1012396179.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Lin 2013 {published data only}
    1. Lin ZX. Effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of post‐stroke dysphagia: a pragmatic trial comparing real acupuncture treatment with waiting list. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002621) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Liu 1998 {published data only}
    1. Liu J, Peng XH, Lin DD, Li CD, Jiang ZY, Zeng L, et al. Clinical study of electrical scalp acupuncture in the treatment of vascular dementia. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1998;4:197‐200.
Liu 2004a {published data only}
    1. Liu GF, Zhou ZX. Effect of neuromuscular electrical stimulation in various modes on the rehabilitation of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabillitation 2004;8(22):4424‐5.
Liu 2004b {published data only}
    1. Liu HG, Huang SJ, Zhang HL. Effect of Jiawei simiao yongan tang combined with electroacupuncture in the recovery of motor function in patients with post‐stroke sequelae. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2004;8(10):1916‐7.
Liu 2006 {published data only}
    1. Liu LA, Guo RY, Pang SM, Li XZ, Dai SQ, Li XY. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with speech training for early phase of aphasia after stroke [针刺结合语言训练治疗中风早期失语症的临床研究]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2006;24(12):2256‐9.
Liu 2008a {published data only}
    1. Liu J. Clinical observation on treatment of spasticity poststroke by electric acupuncture with motion point and yang meridian [电针治疗中风后痉挛状态的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐87801‐2008138509.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Liu 2008b {published data only}
    1. Liu W, Mukherjee M, Sun C, Liu H, McPeak LK. Electroacupuncture may help motor recovery in chronic stroke survivors: a pilot study. Journal of rehabilitation research and development 2008;45(4):587‐95. - PubMed
Liu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Liu CS. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with neuromuscular facilitation treatment for dysphagia after stroke [针刺复合易化技术治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10633‐2010077373.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Liu 2010a {published data only}
    1. Liu G, Lv CS, Yuan LX. Study on electroacupuncture improving the single‐foot supporting phase rate of stroke patients [电针改善中风患者单足支撑相比例的研究]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2010;30(6):446‐8. - PubMed
Liu 2010b {published data only}
    1. Liu WA, Wu QM, Li XR, Li DD, Fu L, Yi XC. Observation on the efficacy of combined treatment of stroke hemiplegia with scalp electroacupuncture and stroke unit [头电针配合卒中单元综合疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2010;29(3):149‐51.
Liu 2011a {published data only}
    1. Liu FC. Clinical observation on the effects of scalp acupuncture plus motor therapy in the treatment of post‐stroke depression [头针配合运动疗法治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;30(11):733‐4.
Liu 2011b {published data only}
    1. Liu Y. Observation on the treatment of hemiplegia due to stroke in 37 patients by Buyang Huanwu soup and acupuncture [补阳还五汤结合针刺治疗中风偏瘫37例临床观察]. Guiding Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy 2011;17(12):57‐9.
Liu 2012a {published data only}
    1. Liu HR, Li YF, Wu HQ, Xu LM, Xin JW, Jiang YN. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with swallowing & speech therapeutic instrument for dysphagia in patients after stroke [针灸结合吞咽言语诊治仪治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍]. China Pratical Medicine 2012;7(24):49‐50.
Liu 2012b {published data only}
    1. Liu SD. Curative effect analysis of speech training and acupuncture therapy for dysarthria caused by stroke [言语训练结合针刺治疗脑卒中构音障碍的临床研究]. Internal Medicine of China 2012;7(4):336‐8.
Liu 2012c {published data only}
    1. Liu Y, Xue Z, Wu L. Clinical observation on 60 cases of hemiplegia treated with acupuncture. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 2012;21:16‐8.
Liu 2013c {published data only}
    1. Liu X, Wang PQ. Random parallel control study on the effects of acupuncture and rehabilitation combined with western medicine in the treatment of QDBS [针刺与康复训练联合西药治疗气虚血癖型中风恢复期随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013;27(12):68‐70.
Liu 2013d {published data only}
    1. Liu XP. A random parallel control study on the effects of acupuncture combined with western medicine in the treatment of stroke [针灸联合西药治疗中风随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013;27(9):71‐2.
Liu 2013e {published data only}
    1. Liu Y, Liu L, Wang XM. Electroacupuncture at points Baliao and Huiyang (BL35) for post‐stroke detrusor overactivity. Neural Regeneration Research 2013;8(18):1663‐72. - PMC - PubMed
Liu 2013f {published data only}
    1. Liu ZF, Zhang JQ, Shao SJ, Wang SF. Therapeutic evaluation of post‐stroke depression treated by acupuncture [针刺治疗卒中后抑郁的疗效评价]. Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;31(2):111‐3.
Liu 2014b {published data only}
    1. Liu L. Effect of elongated needling therapy combined with deglutition training/rehabilitation training in treatment of post‐stroke dysphagia [芒针针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍疗效观察]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014;41(11):2442‐4.
Liu 2015 {published data only}
    1. Liu LQ, Li HL, Xu JM. Clinical study of electroacupuncture on memory dysfunction after stroke [电针治疗脑卒中后记忆功能障碍临床研究]. Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine 2015;24(5):775‐7.
Long 2013 {published data only}
    1. Long AG. Observation of clinical curative effect of acupuncture in patients with cerebral infarction [脑梗死患者针灸治疗的临床疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Medicine Guide 2013;15(10):1725‐6.
Lu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Lu M, Meng L, Peng J. Therapeutic effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and electroacupuncture for dysphagia post stroke [神经肌肉电刺激疗法与电针治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的疗效对比研究]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2010;25(2):135‐8.
Lu 2011a {published data only}
    1. Lu FJ. Clinical observation on the effects of the combination of acupuncture at tendon junction and Bobath therapy for spastic paralysis after stroke [针刺经筋结点结合Bobath疗法治疗中风后痉挛性瘫痪的临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1011222551.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Lu 2011b {published data only}
    1. Lu XF. Clinical observation on acupuncture at the eight‐confluent acupoints for hemiplegia after cerebral infarction [针刺八脉交会穴为主治疗脑梗死后偏瘫临床观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;30(12):828‐9.
Luo 2007 {published data only}
    1. Luo WP. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with speech training on Broca aphasia following ischemic apoplexy [针刺配合语言训练治疗脑梗塞致运动性失语的临床研究]. Availabale at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2007130686.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2007.
Luo 2008 {published data only}
    1. Luo WP, Tan JL, Huang HY. Clinical observation on treatment of cerebral infarction‐induced Broca aphasia by Tiaoshen Fuyin acupuncture therapy combined with language training [调神复音针刺配合语言训练治疗脑梗死致运动性失语疗效观察]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2008;28(3):171‐5. - PubMed
Luo 2012 {published data only}
    1. Luo YH. Effect of acupuncture treatment on neurological deficit scores of the hemiplegic stroke patients [针灸治疗对脑卒中偏瘫患者神经功能缺损评分的影响]. Chinese Community Doctors 2012;14(36):184‐5.
Lv 2009 {published data only}
    1. Lv H, Liu H, Ni JN. Electroacupuncture in treatment of postapoplectic swallowing dysfunction: a randomized controlled study [电针治疗卒中后吞咽困难的随机对照研究]. Journal of China‐Japan Friendship Hospital 2009;23(4):228‐9.
Lv 2014 {published data only}
    1. Lv ST. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for spasticity after stroke [针刺配合康复治疗中风后肌张力增高的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10162‐1015546410.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Ma 2011a {published data only}
    1. Ma JQ, Zheng J, Zhu LW, Yang XL, Zhang XH. Effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on swallow dysfunction after stroke [针刺结合康复训练对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍的影响]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;27(2):15‐7.
Ma 2011b {published data only}
    1. Ma XM, Li SZ, Cai NS, Yu HB, Zhang ZL. Research on the effects of quality of life in patients with stroke by tiaorentongdu acupuncture [调任通督针刺法改善脑卒中患者生存质量的研究]. Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;30(6):396‐8.
Ma 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ma JL. Acupuncture treatment of post‐stroke hemiplegic shoulder pain: a random parallel control study [针灸治疗中风后偏瘫肩痛随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013;27(6):122‐3.
Mou 2010 {published data only}
    1. Mou J, Fu LX, Lu YM, Ren YL, He JY, Qi YZ. Clinical observation on the Xinnao Kaiqiao acupuncture plus language rehabilitation training for motor aphasia caused by cerebral infarction: a report of 30 cases [醒脑开窍针刺法配合语言康复治疗脑梗死致运动性失语30例临床观察]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;51(5):428‐31.
Mu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Mu JP, Zhu ZM, Cheng JM, Zhao DG, Yang DR, Ao JB. The clinical observation on the acupuncture therapy enlivening brain, dredging orifices cooperating with promoting treatment for hemiplegia after stroke [醒脑开窍针刺法配合促通技术治疗脑卒中偏瘫临床观察]. Journal of Emergency in Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;16(5):520‐1.
Mukherjee 2006 {published data only}
    1. Mukherjee M, McPeak L, Redford J, Sun C, Liu W. The effect of electro‐acupuncture on upper limb spasticity in chronic stroke survivors. Stroke 2006;37:631. - PubMed
Muo 2001 {published data only}
    1. Muo FZ, Li JQ, Chu L, Lai XS, Zhang JX, Liu SH. The influence of electroacupuncture on intelligence structure in patients with vascular dementia. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2001;20(6):6‐8.
Ni 2011 {published data only}
    1. Ni HH, Hu YS, Cui X, Wu Y, Huang DQ, Qu PY. Clinical observation on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for 20 patients with postapoplectic upper extremity spasticity [针刺结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛20例临床观察]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2011;43(1):99‐101.
Nie 2011 {published data only}
    1. Nie WB. Clinical observation on the treatment of motor aphasia following stroke by Yinao Tiaoshen acupuncture [针灸益脑调神法治疗脑卒中运动性失语疗效观察]. Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;30(12):938‐9.
Nie 2013 {published data only}
    1. Nie RR, Huang CH. Post‐stroke depression treated with acupuncture and moxibustion: an evaluation of therapeutic effect and safety [针灸治疗脑卒中后抑郁症疗效与安全性评价]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2013;33(6):490‐4. - PubMed
Pan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Pan MZ. Clinical observation of acupuncture therapy on vascular dementia after stroke [针刺头穴为主治疗脑卒中后血管性痴呆临床疗效研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐1014128145.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Pang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Pang P, Lai X, Huang Y, Wang S, Wu J. The thoughts on treating post stroke limb spasticity with the four seas acupoints. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 2010;19(2):45‐6.
Peng 2007a {published data only}
    1. Peng XJ. Clinic observation of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for 30 cases with hemiplegia after stroke [针灸结合康复训练治疗中风偏瘫30例]. China Naturopathy 2007;15(5):53‐4.
Peng 2009 {published data only}
    1. Peng HY, Tan JL, Wang BG, Zhao MH. A clinical study of therapy of electroacupuncture at the temple‐three‐needle on post‐stroke depression. New Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2009;10:89‐90.
Peng 2015 {published data only}
    1. Peng HY. Clinical study on acupuncture combined with recovery massaging for patients with ischemic stroke [针刺结合康复按摩治疗缺血性中风的临床研究]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 2015;26(3):664‐5.
Qi 2000 {published data only}
    1. Qi GS, Zhao XJ. Clinical observation on the treatment of stroke in rehabilitative stage with "Qing Nao YI Shui" acupuncture therapy. Journal of Tianjin College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2000;19(2):23‐5.
Qi 2013 {published data only}
    1. Qi M. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture in treating 128 patients with dysphagia after stroke [针灸治疗128例卒中后吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10026‐1013203840.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Qi 2013a {published data only}
    1. Qi M, Zhang GM. Efficacy study of acupuncture and moxibustion on dysphagia after stroke [针灸治疗卒中后吞咽障碍疗效研究]. Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;32(7):512‐4.
Qiao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Qiao HF, Zhang QJ, Yuan HF, Zhang N, Wu ZH. Efficacy observation of acupuncture combined with paroxetine in the treatment of depression after stroke. Available at: http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL‐ZGKF201207001119.htm (accessed 8 August 2015). 2012.
Qiu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Qiu TT. A clinical study of acupuncture combined with therapeutic exercise in the treatment of shoulder‐hand syndrome after stroke [针刺结合运动疗法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1011222549.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Qu 1991 {published data only}
    1. Qu RM, Qu XM. Observation on the treatment of sequelae of apoplexy in 105 patients with needling Du Mai points. Jiang XI Traditional Chinese Medicine 1991;22(5):32‐4.
Ran 2013 {published data only}
    1. Ran XQ, Wu S, Ye DP, Min J. Effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on lower extremity blood flow on limb function with spastic paralysis after stroke [针刺结合康复训练对中风痉挛性偏瘫患者肢体功能及下肢血流的影响]. Hubei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;35(10):20‐1.
Ren 2009 {published data only}
    1. Ren YF. Clinical research on acupuncture in combination with rehabilitation for postapoplectic spasm [针刺结合康复疗法治疗中风后痉挛的临床研究]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine 2009;24(7):1313‐5.
Ren 2010 {published data only}
    1. Ren XM, Wang T, Wang CM, Yang GF. Clinical study on cerebral infarction treated with Danhong Tongjing Huoluo decoction combined acupuncture [丹红通经活络汤联合针刺治疗脑梗死临床研究]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2010;5(10):886‐8.
Ren 2012 {published data only}
    1. Ren Z, Li XR, Li DD, Yan J, Tan T, Ye HM. Randomized controlled clinical study of the treatment of ischemic stroke (convalescence) with stroke unit combined with the acupuncture [针刺结合卒中单元治疗缺血性脑卒中( 恢复期) 随机对照临床研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2012;26(7):4‐6.
Sallstrom 1996 {published data only}
    1. Sallstrom S, Kjendahl A, Osten PE, Stanghelle JH, Borchgrevink CF. Acupuncture in the treatment of stroke patients in the subacute stage: a randomized, controlled study. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 1996;4:193‐7.
Salom‐Moreno 2014 {published data only}
    1. Salom‐Moreno J, Sánchez‐Mila Z, Ortega‐Santiago R, Palacios‐Ceña M, Truyol‐Domίnguez S, Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C. Changes in spasticity, widespread pressure pain sensitivity, and baropodometry after the application of dry needling in patients who have had a stroke: a randomised controlled trial. Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 2014;37(8):569‐79. - PubMed
Schaechter 2007 {published data only}
    1. Schaechter JD, Connell BD, Stason WB, Kaptchuk J, Krebs DE, Macklin EA, et al. Correlated change in upper limb function and motor cortex activation after verum and sham acupuncture in patients with chronic stroke. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine 2007;13(5):527‐32. - PubMed
Seo 2013 {published data only}
    1. Seo YR, Jung WS, Park SU, Moon SK, Park JM, Park JY. The effect of ouhyul herbal acupuncture point injections on shoulder pain after stroke. Evidence‐Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013;2013(2):1‐5. - PMC - PubMed
Shang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Shang YJ, Ma CC, Cai YY, Wang DS, Kong LL. Clinical study on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for treatment of poststroke shoulder‐hand syndrome [针刺结合康复治疗中风后肩‐手综合征]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2008;28(5):331‐3. - PubMed
Shao 2012 {published data only}
    1. Shao B. Clinical research on acupuncture in root and end and appearance and substance of kidney meridian associated with language training for Broca aphasia following the stroke [针刺"肾经标本根结"结合语言训练治疗中风后运动性失语的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐1012510352.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Shen 2008 {published data only}
    1. Shen HJ, Kang XB, Xie YC, Yang H. Clinical observation of electroacupuncture for 40 cases with dysphagia after stroke [神经肌肉电刺激治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难40例]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;29(6):709‐10.
Shen 2009 {published data only}
    1. Shen SJ. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for sequela of apoplexy [针灸结合康复训练治疗中风后遗症的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Ethnomedicine and Ethnopharmacy 2009;18(20):147‐8.
Sheng 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sheng GB, Lu FJ, Liu CY, Wang W. The combination of acupuncture at meridian sinew nodal point and rehabilitation for spastic paralysis after stroke [针刺经筋结点结合康复疗法治疗中风后痉挛性瘫痪]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;27(5):25‐6.
Sheng 2013 {published data only}
    1. Sheng GB, Gao C, Yu JK, Gao Y, Liu G. Clinical observation on the effects of electrical scalp acupuncture in the treatment of depression due to stroke [头部电针疗法治疗中风后抑郁的临床疗效观察]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;30(3):125‐6.
Shi 2007 {published data only}
    1. Shi HF, Zheng XH. Effect of scalp acupuncture drawing method on motor function in hemiplegic patients following cerebral thrombosis at convalescent period [头皮针抽提法对脑血栓形成后恢复期偏瘫患者运动功能的影响]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2007;27(4):361‐3. - PubMed
Shi 2007a {published data only}
    1. Shi X. Research on the specific effects and the key influential factors of acupoints: research based on the treatment of brain resuscitating acupuncture for cerebral infarction. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐07000036) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2007.
Song 2010 {published data only}
    1. Song QM. Clinical research on post‐stroke vascular cognitive impairment treatment with needling therapy [针刺治疗中风血管性认知障的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2010125609.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Sui 2001 {published data only}
    1. Sui MH. Clinical observation on the therapeutic effect of acupuncture of hand‐Shaoyang Meridian acupoints for treatment of upper‐limb spasm in stroke patients. Acupuncture Research 2001;26(2):131‐3.
Sun 2008 {published data only}
    1. Sun J, Mi Z, Wang H, Xu D, Chen H. Study on therapeutic effect of acupuncture on dysphagia after stroke. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2008:169.
Sun 2010 {published data only}
    1. Sun QR. Clinical research on plum‐blossom needle and scalp acupuncture combined with language rehabilitation training for treatment of ischemic aphasia from apoplexy [头针梅花针叩刺结合语言康复训练治疗缺血性中风失语临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐11919‐2010248108.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Sun 2011 {published data only}
    1. Sun RL. Clinical observation of acupuncture combined with function training for 26 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针刺结合功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难26例临床观察]. Journal of Shanxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;12(3):39‐40.
Sun 2013b {published data only}
    1. Sun YG. Acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for 50 patients with postapoplectic swallowing dysfunction [针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍50 例]. Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;33(7):1135‐6.
Sun 2014 {published data only}
    1. Sun JW. Research of acupuncture treatment technique of post‐stroke dysphagia [针灸治疗中风后吞咽障碍技术的研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10026‐1014242212.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Suo 2008 {published data only}
    1. Suo DM, Yu T, Liu L, Shi JW, Ding XR, Fan XN. Therapeutic effect of acupuncture for dysphagia after stroke [针刺对中风后吞咽障碍的影响]. Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;28(5):57‐8.
Tang 2005 {published data only}
    1. Tang XJ, She QQ, Wang YH, Zhang ZL. Efficacy analysis on prognosis of small amounts of thalamic hemorrhage by acupuncture at early phase [早期针刺治疗对小量丘脑出血预后的影响]. Sichuan Medical Journal 2005;26(11):51‐2.
Tang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Tang X, Tang CL, Xu FM, Xie HW, Li LM, Song YE. Effect of scalp acupuncture combined with body acupuncture on limb function in subacute stroke patients [头针联合体针对亚急性期脑卒中患者肢体功能的影响]. Acupuncture research 2012;37(6):488‐92. - PubMed
Tang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tang X, Huang L, Xie HW, Xu FM, Li LM, Song YE. Clinical observation on the effects of yin and yang acupuncture on subacute stroke [阴阳经联合针刺治疗亚急性脑卒中的临床疗效]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2013;33(10):4668‐70.
Tang 2013a {published data only}
    1. Tang Yao. A random parallel control study on the effects of acupuncture combined with western medicine for early ischemic stroke hemiplegia [针灸联合西药治疗缺血性中风早期偏瘫随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2013;27(4):140‐1.
Tian 2014 {published data only}
    1. Tian FL, Li Q, Liu GR, Zheng DS, Chen JM. Effects of yin‐yang meridians acupuncture with respiratory reinforcing and reducing manipulation on lower limbs balance function in stroke patients [阴阳对刺呼吸补泻法对脑中风患者下肢平衡功能的影响]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2014;34(11):1047‐50. - PubMed
Tong 1997 {published data only}
    1. Tong LG, Li ZG, Ren YX, Yang J, Meng XY, Ma WM, et al. Body quick‐needling plus scalp acupuncture in treating apoplexy and its sequelae. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 1997;9(2):133‐9.
Tong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Tong S, Su L, Lu HB, Liu JQ. Observation on the efficacy of acupuncture at key acupoints combined with rehabilitation therapy for spasmodic hemiplegia after cerebral infarction [关键点针刺法配合康复治疗脑梗死后痉挛期偏瘫疗效观察]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2013;33(5):399‐402. - PubMed
Tong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Tong S, Lv HB, Liu JQ. Clinical observation on the curative effect of acupuncture in combination with deglutition training for postapoplectic (pharynx period) swallowing dysfunction [针刺结合吞咽功能训练治疗脑卒中后(咽期)吞咽障碍临床疗效观察]. Acta Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology 2014;42(2):129‐31.
Wan 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wan WR, Wang TL, Cheng SL, Zhao YL, Zhang W, Wu QY, et al. Post‐stroke shoulder‐hand syndrome treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation: a randomized controlled trial [针刺结合康复治疗中风后肩手综合征：随机对照研究]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2013;33(11):970‐4. - PubMed
Wang 2004 {published data only}
    1. Wang MH, Liang B, Wang M, Chen LQ, Wang YS, Li ZY, et al. Clinical study on the treatment of apoplectic hemiplegia by acupuncture plus rehabilitation training. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2004;23(4):7‐9.
Wang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Wang YH, Ying SG. Observations on the curative effects of acupuncture in the treatment of postapoplectic pseudobulbar paralysis [针刺治疗中风后假性球麻痹疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2006;25(6):15‐6.
Wang 2007 {published data only}
    1. Wang XY. Effects of the improved acupoints and rehabilitation exercise on locomotor ability of the upper limbs and ability of daily life in the patient of cerebral infarction [改良穴位配合康复训练对脑梗死患者上肢活动能力及日常生活能力的影响]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2007;27(3):179‐81. - PubMed
Wang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Wang YJ. Clinical research on "Yiqi huoxue, only strengthen the pain" acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training treating shoulder‐hand syndrome caused by stroke ["益气活血,通络止痛"针法联合康复疗法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10162‐2009031775.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Wang 2008a {published data only}
    1. Wang FY, Wang YQ, Li SH, Jv YB. Clinical observation on the treatment of post‐stroke hiccup by acupuncture cooperated with compound of xuanfudaizhe soup [针灸配合旋覆代赭汤治疗中风后呃逆的临床观察]. Chinese Archives of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;26(6):1340‐1.
Wang 2008b {published data only}
    1. Wang B. Effect of acupuncture combined with cognitive therapy on cerebral‐apoplexy‐induced function impairment [针刺结合认知训练对老年脑卒中患者认知障碍及残疾状况的影响]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10507‐2008118250.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2008.
Wang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wang JJ, Li YX. Clinical effect observation of ice stimulation combined with acupuncture for dysphagia after stroke [冷刺激联合干扰电治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难的效果观察]. Nursing and Rehabilitation 2009;8(11):940‐1.
Wang 2010a {published data only}
    1. Wang LC, Wang ZY, Li BD, Ge JY. Study on electro‐acupuncture on points combined with rehabilitation training for treatment of balance function disorder in cerebral infarction [电针背俞穴联合康复训练治疗脑梗死病人平衡功能障碍的对照研究]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine On Cardio‐/Cerebrovascular Disease 2010;8(11):1322‐3.
Wang 2010b {published data only}
    1. Wang TL. Effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy on shoulder‐hand syndrome after apoplexy [针刺结合康复治疗中风后肩_手综合征的疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐2010251306.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Wang 2011b {published data only}
    1. Wang HQ, Gao XY, Zhou YL. Clinical research on electroacupuncture of ren ying for dysphagia due to stroke [电针人迎穴治疗中风吞咽困难的临床研究]. China Journal of Chinese Medicine 2011;26(4):501‐2.
Wang 2011c {published data only}
    1. Wang JH. Effect on the motor function of stroke patients by combination of needling at back‐shu point and trunk exercise [针刺背俞穴结合躯干训练对中风偏瘫患者运动功能的影响]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2011;31(6):745‐6. - PubMed
Wang 2011d {published data only}
    1. Wang L, Liu SM, Liu M, Li BJ, Hui ZL. Research on the effects of acupuncture, psychological intervention and speech rehabilitation training for postapoplectic aphasia and depression/anxiety [针灸及心理干预配合语言康复训练治疗脑卒中后语言障碍伴抑郁/焦虑的研究]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2011;43(12):90‐2.
Wang 2011e {published data only}
    1. Wang L, Liu SM, Liu M, Li BJ, Hui ZL, Gao X. Post‐stroke speech disorder treated with acupuncture and psychological intervention combined with rehabilitation training: a randomized controlled trial [针刺及心理干预配合康复训练治疗卒中后言语障碍: 随机对照研究]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2011;31(6):481‐6. - PubMed
Wang 2011f {published data only}
    1. Wang LC, Liu HY, Wang QH, Yang YG. Clinical research on acupuncture at Neiguan point combined with rehabilitation training for treatment of postapoplectic hand cramps [针刺内关穴联合康复训练治疗中风后手部痉挛临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine On Cardio‐/Cerebrovascular Disease 2011;9(6):689‐90.
Wang 2011g {published data only}
    1. Wang M, Wang JH, Hua QH. Clinical observation on anandia after stroke which was treated by acupuncture [针刺治疗中风后运动性失语的临床观察]. Journal of Sichuan of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;29(7):116‐8.
Wang 2011h {published data only}
    1. Wang S. Clinical study of scalp acupuncture and body acupuncture combined with language rehabilitation training for aphasia after stroke [头针体针配合语言康复训练治疗中风后失语症的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10199‐1011224431.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Wang 2011i {published data only}
    1. Wang T. Clinical observation of Xinnao Shutong pill combined with acupuncture for dysphagia after stroke [心脑舒通联合针灸治疗缺血性中风后吞咽困难]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine on Cardio/Cerebrovascular Disease 2011;9(7):809‐10.
Wang 2011j {published data only}
    1. Wang YK. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with Chinese medicine in the treatment of ischemic stroke with Qi deficiency and blood stasis [针刺联合中药治疗缺血性中风恢复期气虚血瘀证的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10162‐1011202597.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Wang 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wang WF. Clinical experience on acupuncture in the treatment of stroke [针灸治疗脑卒中的临床体会]. Modern Diagnosis and Treatment 2013;24(4):795, 814.
Wang 2014a {published data only}
    1. Wang YJ, He J, Sun CC, Zhang YM, Du JG, Zhao JG. Clinical study on transcutaneous acupoint electrical stimulation and acupuncture on postapoplectic depression [经皮穴位电刺激与针刺治疗脑卒中后抑郁的临床研究]. Clinical Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2014;29(8):751‐3.
Wang 2014b {published data only}
    1. Wang ZY, Ye W, Yang LZ, Ma DY, Xu Q. Effects of acupuncture on recovery of neurological function in patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage [针刺对高血压脑出血患者神经功能恢复情况的作用]. Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014;31(4):142‐3.
Wei 2005 {published data only}
    1. Wei LL. Effect of Shuitu acupoint injection with stellate ganglion block on swallow dysfunction after stroke. Chinese Journal of Clinical Rehabilitation 2005;9(9):106‐7.
Wei 2009 {published data only}
    1. Wei CL. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with Buyanghuanwu decoction treatment on Qi deficiency and blood stasis hemiplegia after ischemic stroke [针刺结合补阳还五汤治疗缺血性中风气虚血瘀型的临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐2009252060.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Wenli 2007 {published data only}
    1. Zhang WL, Feng LH, Jia XH, Feng JP, Xu Y. Clinical observation on therapeutic effects of the point‐penetrating method in acupuncture treatment of spastic hemiparalysis due to cerebrovascular disorders. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007; Vol. 27, issue 3:170‐2. - PubMed
Wong 2013 {published data only}
    1. Wong GK. Can acupuncture benefit putaminal hemorrhagic stroke patients? A randomized controlled clinical trial. Stroke 2013;44:AWP319.
Wu 1999 {published data only}
    1. Wu D. Needling eye points combined with electrical scalp points in the treatment of urinary incontinence due to cerebrovascular accident in 40 patients. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1999;15(9):33‐4.
Wu 2009a {published data only}
    1. Wu P, Liang FR, Hu KM, Tian WW, Yuan XL, Huang YL. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with facilitation technique for limb spasm after apoplexy hemiplegia ‐ a report of 160 cases [针刺复合易化技术治疗脑卒中后偏瘫肢体痉挛的临床研究]. Journal of Chengdu University of TCM 2009;32(1):11‐3.
Wu 2009b {published data only}
    1. Wu XM, Yu YM. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture of backshu point and jiaji point in the treatment of spastic paralysis due to stroke [针刺背俞穴、夹脊穴治疗脑卒中后痉挛性瘫痪的临床研究]. Beijing Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2009;28(7):494‐6.
Wu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Wu XL, An ZH, Li YQ, Liu AG, Li XD. Effects of acupuncture on the rehabilitation of neurological function in the 157 hemiplegia patients due to cerebral infarction [针刺对1 5 7例不同分型脑梗死偏瘫患者神经运动功能康复的影响]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;51(10):909‐11.
Wu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Wu P, Liang RF, Li Y, Yang L, Huang YL, Li AH. Clinical observation on acupuncture plus rehabilitation training for dysphagia after stroke: a multicenter randomizd controlled trial [针刺联合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍多中心随机对照临床观察]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2011;52(1):45‐8.
Wu 2012 {published data only}
    1. Wu JY, Huang RD, Ge LB. Clinical study on acupuncture for ischemic stroke sequelae [针刺治疗缺血性中风后遗症临床研究]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2012;31(2):85‐7.
Wu 2012a {published data only}
    1. Wu HK, Tan F, Wan SY, Wang JL, Huang T, Ding DQ. Clinical study of curative effect of electro‐acupuncture combined with functional electric stimulation on the treatment of spastic dysarthria in acute cerebral infarction [电针联合功能性电刺激早期干预对脑梗死后痉挛型构音障碍的疗效研究]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 2012;27(12):1116‐9.
Wu 2013b {published data only}
    1. Wu XL, Lu BQ, Li YQ, Xu JH, Wang LY, Liu AG. Effects of acupuncture on disease severity score and activity of daily living scales in patients with partial anterior circulation infarction [针刺对部分前循环脑梗死患者疾病严重程度及日常生活能力的影响]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;54(7):1210‐3.
Wu 2014a {published data only}
    1. Wu XL, Lu BQ, Li YQ, Xu JH, Zhang YH. Effects of acupuncture on motor function in patients with partial anterior circulation infarction [针刺对部分前循环老年脑梗死患者运动功能的康复效果]. Chinese Journal of Gerontology 2014;34(3):1463‐5.
Wu 2014b {published data only}
    1. Wu ZJ, Hu KM, Guo YG, Tu YM, Zhang HY, Wang Y. Acupuncture combined with speech rehabilitation training for post‐stroke spasmodic dysphonia: a multicenter randomized controlled trial [针刺结合言语康复训练治疗脑卒中后疼挛性构音障碍：多中心随机对照研究]. World Journal of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion 2014;24(4):12‐6.
Xia 2008 {published data only}
    1. Xia K, Yang SR, Dang DH, Sun Q. Ear acupuncture combined with Xinnaokaiqiao recipe for dysphagia caused by cerebral hemorrhage [耳针配合醒脑开窍治疗脑出血脑外伤术后吞咽困难的临床研究]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine on Cardio/Cerebrovascular Diseases 2008;6(8):994‐5.
Xia 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xia WG, Zhu CJ, Zhu SQ, Tang ZP, Wang Y, Hua Q. Combination of feeding‐swallowing training and acupuncture: an effective rehabilitation method for dysphagia after stroke [脑卒中后吞咽障碍综合康复治疗的评价]. Acta Medicinae Universitatis Scientiae et Technologiae Huazhong 2010;39(5):614‐9.
Xiao 1996 {published data only}
    1. Xiao F, Liu W. Observation on treatment of dysphasia due to cerebrovascular accident with electroacupuncture at shegen point. Journal of Chinese Medicine 1996;50:27‐9.
Xiao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Xiao QY. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with catgut‐embedding for hemiplegic shoulder pain after stroke [针刺配合埋线治疗中风后偏瘫肩痛的临床疗效观察]. Chinese Medicine Modern Distance Education of China 2006;4(12):31‐3.
Xiao 2008 {published data only}
    1. Xiao AH, Liu YP, Huang SJ, Liu B. Influence of meridian exercises and activating collaterals oil knocking stimulation acupoints on rehabilitation effect of cerebral apoplexy patients [经络操加活络油叩击刺激穴位对脑卒中康复疗效的影响]. Chinese Nursing Research 2008;22(4):888‐9.
Xiao 2011 {published data only}
    1. Xiao D. Clinical study of bowels‐unblocking and toxin‐purging therapy combined with acupuncture for patients of post‐stroke consciousness disturbance with phlegm‐heat stagnation in Fu‐organs [通腑泄毒法加针刺治疗痰热腑实型脑卒中意识障碍的临床研究]. Journal of New Chinese Medicine 2011;43(5):14‐6.
Xie 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xie Q. A clinical study of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of shoulder‐hand syndrome after stroke [针刺结合康复训练治疗脑卒中肩手综合征的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐2010125364.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Xie 2012 {published data only}
    1. Xie XM, An JM, Huang LN, Yang YK. Effects of acupuncture on motor dysfunction of patients caused by ischemic brain stroke: a randomized and controlled study [针刺对缺血性中风患者运动功能障碍影响的随机对照研究]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2012;28(12):15‐8.
Xie 2013 {published data only}
    1. Xie HY, Lin HX, Lin GH. Clinical research of fire‐needle combined with Huoluo Guben decoction for 44 patients with hemiplegia caused by stroke [火针配合活络固本汤治疗中风后偏瘫44例]. World Science and Technology/Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Materia Medica 2013;15(2):281‐5.
Xing 2007 {published data only}
    1. Xing J, Wang YJ, Li YR. Clinical study on acupuncture combined with hyperbaric oxygenation for improving balance function of cerebral infarction [针刺并高压氧改善脑梗死平衡功能的临床观察]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2007;27(1):12‐4. - PubMed
Xu 2009a {published data only}
    1. Xu HY, Zhang H. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with pelvic floor muscle training for uracratia after stroke [针灸配合盆底肌锻炼治疗脑卒中尿失禁临床观察]. Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 2009;20(1):225‐6.
Xu 2009b {published data only}
    1. Xu Z. Clinical study on the treatment of sequela of apoplexy by acupuncture [针灸治疗中风后遗症临床疗效观察]. Clinese Journal of Modern Drug Application 2009;3(24):132‐3.
Xu 2010 {published data only}
    1. Xu SF, Zhuang LX, Jia C, Chen XH, Wu SP, Jiang GM, et al. Effect of "Jin three‐needle therapy" on motor function in patients of hemiplegia after stroke: a multi‐center randomized controlled study ["靳三针"疗法与康复治疗改善脑卒中偏瘫患者肢体功能的疗效对比观察: 多中心随机对照]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2009;29(9):689‐94. - PubMed
Xu 2013a {published data only}
    1. Xu RQ. Clinical study of acupuncture treatment for cerebral infarction in terms of heart‐gall bladder theory [从心胆论治针灸治疗脑梗死的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1013226466.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Xu 2014 {published data only}
    1. Xu G. A random parallel control study of acupuncture combined fluoxetine treatment for post‐stroke depression [针刺联合氟西汀治疗中风后抑郁症随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2014;28(11):158‐60.
Yan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yan J, Zhong XQ, Wang QZ, Meng J, Jiang SY, Wen XQ. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for dysphagia after apoplexy [针刺结合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难疗效观察]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine 2010;19(31):3368‐9.
Yan 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yan XR. Different acupuncture and moxibustion methods in the treatment of post‐stroke hiccup [不同针灸方法治疗中风后呃逆的临床观察]. Journal of Clinical Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2011;27(11):43‐5.
Yang 2006 {published data only}
    1. Yang SL. Effects of needling combined with cognitive function training on the cognitive function of stroke patients [针刺结合认知功能训练对脑卒中患者认知功能的影响]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐2006162984.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2006.
Yang 2007a {published data only}
    1. Yang D, Xu L, Zhang XR. Clinic observation of integrated acupuncture and Chinese medicine for 50 cases with hemiplegia after stroke [针药结合治疗脑卒中偏瘫50例]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;28(8):1060‐1.
Yang 2007b {published data only}
    1. Yang DF, Lin XD, Yu ZM, Wu ZB, Wu XF, Lin JF. Effect of acupuncture combined with Bobath therapy on spasticity and motor function suffered from postapoplectic hemiplegia [组合针刺结合Bobath疗法对脑卒中偏瘫痉挛状态及运动功能的影响]. Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;34(2):215‐6.
Yang 2007c {published data only}
    1. Yang Y. Clinical observation on the effects of spastic paralysis after apoplexy with electric acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training [电针配合康复训练治疗脑梗死偏瘫肢体痉挛状态的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐2007120088.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2007.
Yang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Yang SM. Acupuncture combined with low frequency impulse electrotherapy for 36 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针刺配合低频脉冲电治疗脑卒中后吞咽困难36例]. Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;43(6):348.
Yang 2009 {published data only}
    1. Yang ZH, Yu K, Li CY, Hou QF, Liu XQ. Application value of acupuncture in the rehabilitative treatment of patients with cerebral infarction [针灸在脑梗死康复治疗中的应用价值观察]. Journal of Military Surgeon in Southwest China 2009;11(3):434‐5.
Yang 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yang H, Wang J. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture treatment for 29 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针刺治疗中风后吞咽障碍29例]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2010;24(2):93‐4.
Yang 2011a {published data only}
    1. Yang HF, Li XX, Wang T. The videofluoroscopic study on electroacupuncture in combination with rehabilitation in treatment of postapoplectic swallowing dysfunction [电针联合康复训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的电视荧光透视研究]. Journal of Guangzhou University of TCM 2011;28(3):239‐42.
Yang 2011b {published data only}
    1. Yang J. The clinical study on cognitive impairment after stroke by using the treatment of electroacupuncture given at DU20 and GB20 [电针百会、风池干预脑卒中后认知功能障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10393‐1011220797.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Yang 2011c {published data only}
    1. Yang J. Study on acupuncture therapy of dredging governor vessel for regulating mentality in post ischemic stroke hemiplegic patients [通督调神针刺法治疗缺血性中风偏瘫的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1011132621.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Yang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Yang CD, Yang ZJ, Li JJ. Clinical observation of a combination of multiple acupuncture technique for hemiplegia after stroke [多种针灸手法联合治疗中风偏瘫的疗效观察]. China Practical Medicine 2012;7(33):239‐40.
Yang 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yang XH, Liu B, Ouyang BS. Effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitative training on neural functional recovery of stroke patients during recovery phase: A randomized controlled trial [针剌治疗结合康复训练对恢复期脑卒中患者神经功能恢复的影响:随机对照研究]. World Journal of Acupuncture Moxibustion. 2014;24(4):17‐23.
Yang 2014a {published data only}
    1. Yang XH, Liu B, Ouyang BS. Effect of acupuncture combined with rehabilitative training on neural functional recovery of stroke patients during recovery phase: a randomized controlled trial. World Journal of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion 2014;24(4):17‐23.
Yang 2015 {published data only}
    1. Yang HL, Zhang B, Liu T, Zheng JG. Efficacy of acupuncture in combination with medicine for mild cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction: a randomized controlled trial. World Journal of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion 2015;25(1):7‐12.
Yao 2006 {published data only}
    1. Yao FD. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with language rehabilitation training for 22 patients with aphasia after stroke [针灸配合语言康复训练治疗脑卒中失语22 例效果观察]. Journal of Guangdong Medical College 2006;24(3):290‐1.
Yao 2013a {published data only}
    1. Yao QF. Clinical observation on upper limb spastic hemiplegia following cerebral infarction treated by antagonistic acupuncture combined with rehabilitation [拮抗针法配合康复治疗脑梗死后上肢痉挛性偏瘫的临床疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1013249894.htm (accessed 8 August 2015). 黑龙江中医药大学, 2013.
Yao 2013b {published data only}
    1. Yao YF, Gao X, Jing R, Li SQ, Ba HZ. Efficacy observation on the treatment of poststroke hemiplegia in 30 patients by consciousness restoring obstruction clearing needing technique [醒脑开窍针刺法结合康复疗法治疗脑卒中偏瘫患者30例]. Shanxi Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;34(8):1047‐8.
Yin 2013a {published data only}
    1. Yin LL. A clinical study on acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy for 57 cases of swallowing disorders after stroke [针刺配合康复疗法治疗中风后吞咽障碍57例临床研究]. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2013;54(9):766‐8.
Yin 2013b {published data only}
    1. Yin ZK. The clinical observation on treatment of dysphagia caused by pseudobulbar palsy after stroke with acupuncture Fengchi Fengfu mainly acupuncture point [针刺风池、风府为主穴治疗脑卒中后假性延髓麻痹吞咽困难临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1013249935.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Yin 2014 {published data only}
    1. Yin JC. Clinical observation on Quanjing acupuncture therapy combined with rehabilitation training for the treatment of shoulder hand syndrome after stroke [全经针刺结合康复训练治疗中风后肩手综合征的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10541‐1014241244.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
You 2011 {published data only}
    1. You Y. A clinical study of electroacupuncture combined with rehabilitation training in the treatment of shoulder‐hand syndrome of post‐stroke [电针配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10441‐1011204989.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
You 2014 {published data only}
    1. You Y. Efficacy observation of disperse‐dense wave electrical acupuncture combined with occupational therapy in the treatment of shoulder‐hand syndrome due to stroke [电针疏密波配合作业疗法治疗脑卒中后肩手综合征的疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Convalescent Medicine 2014;23(6):509‐11.
Yu 2002 {published data only}
    1. Yu MZ, Yang GZ, Zhan KR, Fan YY, Peng MF. Clinical observation on the effects of electrical stimulation at nervous trunk points in the treatment of sequelae of stroke. Chinese Journal of Basic Medicine in Traditional Chinese Medicine 2002;8(3):55‐6.
Yu 2007 {published data only}
    1. Yu XG, Sun SL, Cheng YH. Clinical observation on treatment of mild cognitive impairment after cerebral infarction with acupuncture dumaijingxue mainly point [以针刺督脉经穴为主治疗缺血性脑卒中后轻度认知功能障碍的临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine On Cardio‐/Cerebrovascular Disease 2007;5(12):1171‐3.
Yu 2009 {published data only}
    1. Yu JY, Guo XF. Observation on the effects of acupuncture in combination with rehabilitation in the treatment of spasticity following stroke [电针结合康复训练治疗脑卒中痉挛状态的疗效观察]. Journal of External Therapy of TCM 2009;18(4):42‐3.
Yu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Yu XM. Clinical observation on electric acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for 50 patients with neurogenic bladder following stroke [电针结合康复训练治疗卒中后神经源性膀胱50例临床观察]. Available at: http://cpfd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CPFDTOTAL‐ZGKF201108001153.htm (accessed 8 August 2015). 2011:176.
Yuan 2010 {published data only}
    1. Yuan LX. The research on acupuncture treatment technology of dysphagia after stroke. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐12002695) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Zeng 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zeng XQ, Teng DS, Lin X, Yang T, Wang XF. Observations on the efficacy of acupuncture as main treatment for post‐stroke dysphagia [针刺为主治疗中风后吞咽障碍疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2010;29(7):431‐2.
Zhang 1988 {published data only}
    1. Zhang ZJ. Observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of post stroke aphasia. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1988;5:33‐4. - PubMed
Zhang 1997 {published data only}
    1. Zhang SF, Ye XR, Dan QH, Zhang WF, Cui Y. The influence of acupuncture on SOD, CAT and serum intraproteinal fluorescence in stroke patients. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1997;9:517‐9.
Zhang 2002a {published data only}
    1. Zhang L, Sheng L. Clinical observation on the effects of magnetic acupuncture in the treatment of sequelae of stroke. Chinese Journal of Information in Traditional Chinese Medicine 2002;9(1):63.
Zhang 2002b {published data only}
    1. Zhang ZZ, Ma FJ, Ma Y. Observation on the effects of acupuncture in the treatment of urinary retention due to cerebral infarction in 36 patients [针刺对脑梗塞所致尿潴留36例疗效观察]. Hei Long Jiang Medicine and Pharmacy 2002;25(3):71.
Zhang 2007a {published data only}
    1. Zhang HM. Clinical research of treatment of apoplectic aphemia with multi‐needle puncture of scalp‐points in combination with visual‐listening‐speech training [头穴丛刺结合言语康复治疗脑卒中运动性失语临床研究]. Acupuncture research 2007;32(3):190‐4. - PubMed
Zhang 2007b {published data only}
    1. Zhang XT, Fan RX. Clinical observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with buyang huanwu decoction in the treatment of sequela of cerebral infarction [补阳还五汤配合针灸治疗脑梗塞后遗症疗效观察]. Jilin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2007;27(1):31‐2.
Zhang 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zhang WM, Zhen P. Acupuncture combined with swallowing therapy instrument for 82 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针刺结合吞咽言语诊治仪治疗中风后吞咽障碍82例]. Jilin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;28(11):819‐20, 825.
Zhang 2009b {published data only}
    1. Zhang NX, Huang TQ, Liu GZ, Hou YQ, Liu SQ, Luo JQ, et al. Effect of acupuncture and rehabilitation training on Barthel index in early‐stage of stroke cases. Journal of Acupuncture and Tuina Science 2009;7(3):143‐6.
Zhang 2009c {published data only}
    1. Zhang W. Clinical research of acupuncture for deglutition handicap caused by supranuclear paralysis after cerebral infarction [针刺治疗脑梗死后假性延髓麻痹所致吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10162‐2009261860.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2009.
Zhang 2010a {published data only}
    1. Zhang CH. Clinical research of spastic paralysis after stroke by acupuncture. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TCH‐11001547) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Zhang 2010b {published data only}
    1. Zhang N. Clinical research of acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training for dysphagia recovery [针刺联用康复训练治疗中风病（血瘀证）恢复期吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10199‐2010255182.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Zhang 2010c {published data only}
    1. Zhang NX, Liu GZ, Yao QH, Li WJ, Huang Y, Wang AM, et al. Effects of warming‐reinforcing acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on the early motor function of hemiparalysis patients caused by ischemic brain stroke: a randomized controlled study [热补针法结合康复训练对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者早期运动功能的影响:随机对照研究]. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2010;30(6):441‐5. - PubMed
Zhang 2010d {published data only}
    1. Zhang NX, Liu GZ, Yao QH, Li WJ, Huang Y, Wang AM. Effects of warming‐reinforcing acupuncture combined with rehabilitation training on the early motor function of hemiparalysis patients caused by ischemic brain stroke: a randomized and controlled study. Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion 2010;30(6):441‐5. - PubMed
Zhang 2010e {published data only}
    1. Zhang SH. Acupuncture combined with Jieyudan recipe for 33 cases with dysphagia after stroke [针灸配合解语丹加减治疗中风后吞咽困难33例]. Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2010;45(8):509.
Zhang 2010f {published data only}
    1. Zhang ZG. Acupuncture for postoperative intracranial hematoma after hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage [针刺对高血压脑出血术后患者的临床疗效研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10441‐1011205188.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.
Zhang 2011a {published data only}
    1. Zhang HM, Tang Q. Rehabilitation evaluation on post‐stroke abnormal movement pattern prevented and treated with acupuncture and rehabilitation [针刺加康复防治脑卒中异常运动模式的康复学评定]. Chinese acupuncture & moxibustion 2011;31(6):487‐92. - PubMed
Zhang 2011b {published data only}
    1. Zhang JH, Li JY, Zhao Y, Fan GQ, Wang JQ. Clinical observation of dysphagia after stroke by Tongnao Huoluo acupuncture therapy with swallowing training [通脑活络针刺法配合吞咽训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床观察]. Journal of Liaoning University of TCM 2011;13(12):188‐9.
Zhang 2011c {published data only}
    1. Zhang WM. Post‐apoplexy spasm treated by acupuncture on antagonistic muscles combined with modern rehabilitation training therapy [拮抗肌侧取穴针刺结合现代康复训练疗法治疗中风后痉挛]. World Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2011;6(4):291‐3, 301.
Zhang 2011d {published data only}
    1. Zhang XH, Feng GX, Wen N. Clinical study of warm‐needling therapy on stroke patients with urinary retention [温针灸治疗中风后尿潴留患者的临床观察]. Journal of TCM Univ. of Human 2011;31(3):72‐4.
Zhang 2011e {published data only}
    1. Zhang XW. Clinical research on the effects of electroacupuncture and exercise therapy in the treatment of SHS [电针结合康复训练治疗中风后肩手综合征的疗效观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1011135406.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Zhang 2012b {published data only}
    1. Zhang F. Study on acupuncture therapy of dredging governor vessel for regulating mentality in post ischemic stroke aphasia patients [通督调神针刺法治疗缺血性中风失语症临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10572‐1012397626.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Zhang 2012c {published data only}
    1. Zhang JW, Hu JD, MPOVA, LOLA. Clinical study on acupuncture for stroke in Congo [针刺在刚果金治疗脑中风的临床研究]. World Journal of Acupuncture‐Moxibustion 2012;22(1):35‐8.
Zhang 2012d {published data only}
    1. Zhang YS, Yu ZP, Zhang YL, Zhao XH, Lin CR. Therapeutic observation on acupuncture and rehabilitation in treating motor aphasia after cerebral apoplexy [针刺配合康复训练治疗脑卒中后运动性失语疗效观察]. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2012;31(11):781‐3.
Zhang 2012e {published data only}
    1. Zhang ZS, Qin YM, Li YH. Clinical observation of warming‐promotion method of acupuncture combined with Buyanghuanwu decoction on ischemic stroke with qi‐deficiency and blood‐stasis syndrome [温通针法联合补阳还五汤治疗气虚血瘀型缺血性卒中临床观察]. Hebei Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012;34(11):1609‐11.
Zhang 2013b {published data only}
    1. Zhang W. Early intervention and prevention with acupuncture therapy on the post stroke depression: A randomized controlled clinical trial. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐120034890) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Zhang 2014b {published data only}
    1. Zhang H. Impact on rehabilitation effect of post‐stroke abnormal movement pattern prevented and treated with multi‐needle puncture of scalp‐points. Journal of alternative and complementary medicine 2014;20(5):A47‐8.
Zhang 2014c {published data only}
    1. Zhang Y. A random parallel control study on the effects of acupuncture combined with fluoxetine tablet for depression after stroke [针灸联合氟西汀分散片治疗脑卒中后抑郁症随机平行对照研究]. Journal of Practical Traditional Chinese Internal Medicine 2014;28(2):123‐4.
Zhang 2014d {published data only}
    1. Zhang Y, Chen WP, Wang CY, Xie T, Wang M, Xia YJ. Modified acupuncture combined with rehabilitation therapy in treatment of limb spasticity in stroke patients [针灸解痉调气法结合康复治疗脑卒中痉挛期患者临床评价]. Zhejiang Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2014;24(4):290‐2.
Zhao 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zhao YY. Acupuncture for 82 cases with dysphagia after stroke ["醒脑开窍"针刺法治疗假球麻痹82例]. Journal of Liaonin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;10(7):91.
Zhao 2009 {published data only}
    1. Zhao Y, Wang Q. Clinical observation of acupuncture for 60 cases of dysphagia after ischemic stroke [深刺治疗缺血性脑卒中后吞咽困难60例]. Jilin Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2009;29(6):503‐4.
Zhao 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zhao GP, Sun J. Observation on the effects of acupuncture combined with language rehabilitation training for 174 patients with aphasia following stroke [针灸配合语言康复训练治疗脑卒中失语174 例效果观察]. Chinese Journal of Trauma and Disability Medicine 2010;18(1):87‐8.
Zhao 2011a {published data only}
    1. Zhao NN. Clinical research of fire‐needle combined with rehabilitation training on spastic hemiplegia after stroke [火针配合康复训练对脑卒中后痉挛性偏瘫的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/article/cdmd‐10572‐1011135337.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Zhao 2011b {published data only}
    1. Zhao SJ. Clinical research on the effects of acupuncture therapy for the ischemic stroke [针刺治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床研究]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10162‐1011201326.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Zhao 2014a {published data only}
    1. Zhao YH, Sun ZR, Zhang DQ, Li HN, Zhong JB, Liu J. Clinical observation on the electrical acupuncture with intermediate frequency combined with rehabilitation treating ischemic stroke [电针中频配合康复治疗缺血性脑卒中的临床观察]. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine On Cardio/Cerebrovascular Disease 2014;12(5):581‐3.
Zhao 2014b {published data only}
    1. Zhao XW, Chen XW, Wei CF, Tian QT, Yuan W. The effects of early intervention of rehabilitation training and acupuncture on stroke patients with neurological impairment and activities of daily living [康复训练结合针刺早期干预对脑卒中患者神经功能缺损及日常生活活动能力的作用]. Medical Journal of Industrial Enterprise 2014;27(1):541‐3.
Zheng 1996 {published data only}
    1. Zheng ZC. Needling scalp and lumbo‐sacral points in the treatment of sequelae of stroke in 634 patients. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 1996;15(5):15‐6.
Zheng 2000 {published data only}
    1. Zheng L, Zhuang LX, Li YH. Observations on the curative effect of acupuncture and herbs on vascular dementia. Shanghai Journal of Acupuncture and Moxibustion 2000;19(3):8‐10.
Zheng 2011b {published data only}
    1. Zheng QH, Yu B, Li Y, Yang ZQ, Yu SY. Clinical study of acupuncture with language training for aphasia after stroke [针刺配合语言训练治疗脑卒中后失语症临床研究]. Journal of Liaoning University of TCM 2011;13(1):105‐7.
Zheng 2011c {published data only}
    1. Zheng WX. Clinical Research of Poststroke Anxiety Disorder Treated by Acupuncture Combined with Deanxit [针灸配合黛力新治疗脑卒中后焦虑症的临床研究]. Clinical Journal of Chinese Medicine 2011;26(4):468‐70.
Zhong 2014 {published data only}
    1. Zhong CX. The clinical research of feasibility of "Xingnao Kaiqiao" acupuncture therapy on preventing depression after stroke ["醒脑开窍"针法预防中风后抑郁的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10315‐1014409916.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2014.
Zhou 1995 {published data only}
    1. Zhou JZ, Zhang CS, LI L, Zhou SW, Shi XM. Clinical study in the treatment of sequelae of apoplexy with "Xing Nao Kai Qiao" acupuncture therapy. Chinese Acupuncture and Moxibustion. 1995;3:6‐8.
Zhou 2008 {published data only}
    1. Zhou GY. Observation on the effects of electroacupuncture and rehabilitation for 83 cases with stroke [电针和康复治疗脑卒中83例疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine 2008;15(5):77.
Zhu 2010a {published data only}
    1. Zhu T. Clinical research on the treatment of dysphagia after stroke by traditional Chinese medicine combined with acupuncture [中药加针刺治疗中风后吞咽障碍的临床研究]. Guangming Journal of Chinese Medicine 2010;25(11):2074‐5.
Zhu 2010b {published data only}
    1. Zhu T. Clinical observation of acupuncture in the treatment of dysphagia after stroke [针刺治疗卒中后吞咽功能障碍临床疗效观察]. Chinese Journal of Practical Nervous Diseases 2010;13(17):65‐6.
Zhu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Zhu F, Zhao J, Ding Y. Clinical observation on treating post‐stroke depression with both acupuncture and medicine. International Journal of Clinical Acupuncture 2011;20:101‐3.
Zhu 2012a {published data only}
    1. Zhu ST. Clinical research on electro‐acupuncture at swallow hole for dysphagia induced by true bulbar paralysis after stroke [电针吞咽穴治疗脑梗死后真性延髓麻痹吞咽障碍的临床观察]. Available at: http://cdmd.cnki.com.cn/Article/CDMD‐10228‐1012467791.htm (accessed 8 August 2015) 2012.
Zhu 2012b {published data only}
    1. Zhu ZQ, Xu GG, Guo YL, Ma B. Efficacy of stroke unit combined with acupuncture therapy on dysphagia in stroke patients [卒中单元模式下联合针刺治疗脑卒中吞咽障碍疗效观察]. Chinese Medical Journal 2012;23(2):144‐6,149.
Zhuang 2012 {published data only}
    1. Zhuang LX, Xu SF, D'Amado CR, Jia C, He J, Han DX, et al. An effectiveness study comparing acupuncture, physiotherapy, and their combination in poststroke rehabilitation: a multicentered, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 2012;18(3):8‐14. - PubMed

References to ongoing studies

Fu 2011 {published data only}
    1. Fu Q. Randomised, controlled Phase III Trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of comprehensive acupuncture treatment programs for poststroke motor rehabilitation. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐11001347) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2011.
Liu 2013b {published data only}
    1. Liu T. Acupuncture based on five elements body characteristics in the treatment of patients with post‐stroke depression. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐13003434) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2013.
Xie 2006 {published data only}
    1. Xie Y. Randomized controlled study on the acupuncture for dysphagia in convalescence phase of apoplexy. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐07000010) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2006.
Zhong 2010 {published data only}
    1. Zhong H. The research of linguistic functional recovery mechanism based on fMRI after electroacupuncture at acupoints Tongli (HT5) and Xuanzhong (GB39) curing basal ganglia aphasia after stroke. ChiCTR Chinese Clinical Trial Register (http://www.chictr.org/) (ChiCTR‐TRC‐11001410) (accessed 8 August 2015) 2010.

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