A novel deletion mutation in IL2RG gene results in X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency with an atypical phenotype

Abstract

Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most serious disorder among primary immunodeficiency diseases threatening children's life. Atypical SCID variant, presenting with mild reduced T cells subsets, is often associated with infection susceptibility but poor clinical diagnosis. The atypical X-SCID patient in the present study showed a mild clinical presentation with a T^lowNK⁺B⁺ immunophenotype. The patient has reduced T- cell subpopulations with a subdued thymic output measured by sjTRECs. Further analysis showed that T cells maintained a normal proliferation and a broad Vβ repertoire. NK cells, however, exhibited a skewed development toward immature CD3^-CD16⁺CD56^- cells. Genetic analysis revealed a novel deletion at nucleotide 52 in exon 1 of IL2RG gene. Sequence alignment predicted a truncated IL2RG protein missing signal peptide derived from a possible alternative reading frame. The novel mutation in IL2RG gene identified in our study may help the early diagnosis of atypical X-SCID.

Keywords: Atypical SCID; Frameshift; IL2RG gene; Primary immunodeficiency diseases; Signal peptide; X-linked SCID.