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. 2013 Jun 18;1(1):13-20.
doi: 10.4103/2321-3868.113330. eCollection 2013.

Mesenchymal stem cells in tissue repairing and regeneration: Progress and future

Jiafei Xi  1 , Xinlong Yan  1 , Junnian Zhou  1 , Wen Yue  1 , Xuetao Pei  1
Affiliations

Mesenchymal stem cells in tissue repairing and regeneration: Progress and future

Jiafei Xi et al. Burns Trauma. .

Abstract

The presence of mesenchymal progenitor cells within bone marrow has been known since the late nineteenth century. To date, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from several different connective tissues, such as adipose tissue, muscle, placenta, umbilical cord matrix, blood, liver, and dental pulp. Bone marrow, however, is still one of the major sources of MSCs for preclinical and clinical research. MSCs were first evaluated for regenerative applications and have since been shown to directly influence the immune system and to promote neovascularization of ischemic tissues. These observations have prompted a new era of MSC transplantation as a treatment for various diseases. In this review, we summarize the important studies that have investigated the use of MSCs as a therapeutic agent for regenerative medicine, immune disorders, cancer, and gene therapy. Furthermore, we discuss the mechanisms involved in MSC-based therapies and clinical-grade MSC manufacturing.

Keywords: Mesenchymal stem cells; anticancer; gene therapy; immune disorder; regenerative medicine.

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Figures

Figure 1:
Figure 1:
Characteristics of MSCs from adult healthy bone marrow (Modified from Yan et al.[20]) (a) Representative morphology of MSCs derived from healthy adult bone marrow. (b) Flow cytometry analysis of BM-MSC showed that BM-MSC is positive for mesenchymal markers and negative for endothelial and hematopoietic markers. (c) After specific adipogenic induction, BM-MSCs showed many lipid vacuoles that were verified by Oil Red O staining. (d) After being cultured in an osteogenic medium for 4 weeks, BM-MSCs showed early osteogenic differentiation capacity through ALP staining. Late calcium deposits in the extracellular matrix were verified by von Kossa staining. (e) BM-MSCs demonstrated chondrogenic differentiation potential as shown by toluidine blue staining, Alcian blue staining, Safranin O staining and H&E staining (cited from Fiorina et al).
Figure 2:
Figure 2:
Paracrine effects of cultured MSCs (Cited from da Silva Meirelles et al.[59]).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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