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Clinical Trial
. 2016 Dec:88:77-84.
doi: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.08.026. Epub 2016 Aug 29.

A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection

Rupesh Agrawal  1 , Praveen Kumar Balne  2 , Anuradha Veerappan  3 , Veonice Bijin Au  4 , Bernett Lee  4 , Eileen Loo  2 , Arkasubhra Ghosh  5 , Louis Tong  6 , Stephen C Teoh  7 , John Connolly  4 , Petrina Tan  8
Affiliations
Clinical Trial

A distinct cytokines profile in tear film of dry eye disease (DED) patients with HIV infection

Rupesh Agrawal et al. Cytokine. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the tear cytokine profile in HIV patients with dry eye disease (DED) and study the association between the severity of ocular inflammatory complications and tear cytokines levels. We postulate that HIV-mediated inflammation may be the underlying pathogenic mechanism for HIV-associated DED.

Methods: The current prospective case-control study compared tear film cytokine profiles in DED patients with HIV infection (n=34) and age/gender-matched DED patients without HIV infection [controls (n=32)]. Participants were recruited from tertiary referral eye care centre and communicable disease clinics, Singapore. Ocular surface health was documented using tear film, Schirmer's test, corneal staining, and conjunctival injection measurements. Tear samples were collected using Schirmer's strips and analysed for the levels of 41 cytokines using Luminex bead assay. Logistic regression models were performed to determine correlation and significance.

Results: Among the 41 cytokines analysed, statistically significant differences were observed in the mean values of epithelial growth factor (EGF), growth related oncogene (GRO) and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10). EGF and IP-10 levels were higher and GRO levels were lower in the tears of DED patients with HIV infection compared to DED patients without HIV infection. No significant association was found between varying levels of ocular surface parameters and cytokine concentrations in HIV patients with DED (p>0.05).

Conclusions: EGF and IP-10 were significantly elevated and GRO levels were lower in the tear profile of HIV patients with DED compared to immunocompetent patients with DED. This study suggests a novel cytokine driven paradigm for ocular inflammatory complications of HIV infection. Additional studies in large organised cohorts can validate the results.

Keywords: Cytokines; Dry eye; HIV; Inflammation; Luminex bead assay; Ocular surface; Tears.

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