Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Jun-Jul;110(4-5):178-84.
doi: 10.1080/20477724.2016.1223920. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Active v. passive surveillance for malaria in remote tribal belt of Central India: Implications for malaria elimination

Neeru Singh  1 , Praveen K Bharti  1 , N S Kumre  2
Affiliations

Active v. passive surveillance for malaria in remote tribal belt of Central India: Implications for malaria elimination

Neeru Singh et al. Pathog Glob Health. 2016 Jun-Jul.

Abstract

Balaghat district in Central India is characterized by perennial malaria transmission. In this study, we have estimated malaria parasite rates by microscopic examination of blood smears by conducting active (ACD) and passive surveillance (PCD) in the villages of Baihar community health center (CHC) during January 2012-December 2012. Comparison of the results of two methods revealed that ACD (active case detection) in villages provides relatively large numbers of malaria positive cases (1408/3601) as compared to PCD (passive case detection) at CHC (139/2743) (OR 12.03, 95% CI, 9.97-14.57, p < 0.0001). Similarly, large numbers of Plasmodium falciparum cases (1194) were found (SFR, 33.2%) in villages, while only 98 P. falciparum cases (SFR, 3.6%) were found at CHC (OR 13.39, 95% CI, 10.80-16.73, p < 0.0001). Likewise, Plasmodium vivax were 211 (SVR, 5.9%) in villages by ACD (OR 4.1, 95% CI, 2.91-5.9, p < 0.0001), while only 41 P. vivax (SVR, 1.5%) were found at CHC. In this cross-sectional study, we discussed the potential role of ACD in strengthening of surveillance for high coverage. For malaria elimination initiative, a surveillance system must be more sensitive than PCD along with effective tools for vector control to target high-risk population who are not visiting the health facility and seed transmission to the surrounding population. The study highlights the substantial difference in the malaria positivity rate by two methods in difficult and hard-to-reach areas and recommendations are made to understand how best to deploy ACD methods in the pursuit of malaria elimination.

Keywords: Active surveillance; Central India; Malaria; Microscopic examination; Passive surveillance; Plasmodium falciparum; Plasmodium vivax; Tribal.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

None
Graphical abstract
Figure 1
Figure 1
Map of India showing state of Madhya Pradesh; district Balaghat and study villages in Baihar community health center.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Sharma RK, Thakor HG, Saha KB, Sonal GS, Dhariwal AC, Singh N. Malaria situation in India with special reference to tribal areas. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(5):537–45. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Sharma RK, Singh MP, Saha KB, Bharti PK, Jain V, Singh PP, et al. . Socio-economic & household risk factors of malaria in tribal areas of Madhya Pradesh, Central India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(5):567–75. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Hay SI, Snow RW. The malaria atlas project: developing global maps of malaria risk. PLoS Med. 2006;3(12):e473.10.1371/journal.pmed.0030473 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Singh N, Shukla MM, Dash AP. Control of malaria in Central India (Madhya Pradesh) hope or hype. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103(2):209–10. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.09.017 - DOI - PubMed
    1. Singh N. A new global malaria eradication strategy: implications for malaria research from an Indian perspective. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103(12):1202–3. 10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.04.023 - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources