Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Aug 17:10:665.
doi: 10.3332/ecancer.2016.665. eCollection 2016.

Oral manifestations of lymphoma: a systematic review

Taísa Domingues Bernardes Silva  1 , Camila Belo Tavares Ferreira  2 , Gustavo Boehmer Leite  3 , José Roberto de Menezes Pontes  4 , Héliton S Antunes  5
Affiliations
Review

Oral manifestations of lymphoma: a systematic review

Taísa Domingues Bernardes Silva et al. Ecancermedicalscience. .

Abstract

Lymphoma is a malignant disease with two forms: Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is diagnosed in extranodal sites in 40% of cases, and the head and neck region is the second most affected, with an incidence of 11-33%, while HL has a very low incidence in extranodal sites (1-4%). The aim of this study was to identify the oral manifestations of lymphoma through a systematic literature review, which we conducted using the PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. We found 1456 articles, from which we selected 73. Among the intraoral findings, the most frequent were ulcerations, pain, swelling, and tooth mobility, while the extraoral findings included facial asymmetry and cervical, submandibular, and submental lymphadenopathy. Among the few studies reporting imaging findings, the most cited lesions included hypodense lesions with diffuse boundaries, bone resorptions, and tooth displacements. The publications reviewed highlight gaps in the areas of early detection, diagnosis, and proper treatment.

Keywords: dental care; lymphoma; oral cavity; oral manifestations.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 2.
Figure 2.. Flowchart illustrating study selection based on the PRISMA model (Adapted from Moher D et al (2009) The PRISMA Group, 2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement PLoS Med 6(6) e1000097. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed1000097)
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. Signs and symptoms in head and neck region. Others = poor alveolar scarring, mandibular fracture, periodontal pocket, exposed bone, fistulas, bleeding, and macroglossia. N/A = not available.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. Location of lymphomas in head and neck region. Locations are listed as reported in the articles. N/A = not available; Others = lip commissure, zygomatic bone, masseter, and retromolar trigone.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Imaging results. N/A = not available. Others = mandibular fracture, poor alveolar scarring, unclear image, image evoking invasive lesion, 6 cm increase, and infiltrative lesion.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Mawardi H, Cutler C, Treister N. Medical management update: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Oral J Endod. 2009;107(1):19–33. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.08.054. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Kemp S, et al. Oral non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: review of the literature and World Health Organization classification with reference to 40 cases. Oral surg Oral med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008;105(2):194–201. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.02.019. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Inchingolo F, et al. Non-hodgkin lymphoma affecting the tongue: unusual intra-oral locatio. Head Neck Oncol. 2011;3(1):1–5. doi: 10.1186/1758-3284-3-1. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Weber AL, Rahemtullah A, Ferry JA. Hodgkin and non-hodgkin lymphoma of the head ad neck: clinical, pathologic, and imaging evaluation. Neuroimaging Clin Nh Am. 2003:371–92. doi: 10.1016/S1052-5149(03)00039-X. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Boulaadas M, et al. Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the oral cavit. J Craniofac Surg. 2008;19(4):1183–5. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0b013e3181764b56. - DOI - PubMed

LinkOut - more resources