Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Aug;42(4):174-81.
doi: 10.5125/jkaoms.2016.42.4.174. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study

Mohanavalli Singaram  1 , Sree Vijayabala G  1 , Rajesh Kumar Udhayakumar  1
Affiliations

Prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country: a retrospective study

Mohanavalli Singaram et al. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016 Aug.

Abstract

Objectives: This retrospective study aims to evaluate the prevalence of maxillofacial trauma in a developing country, along with its pattern, etiology and management. Data for the present study were collected from the Department of Dentistry, ESIC Medical College and Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Chennai in India.

Materials and methods: The medical records of patients treated for maxillofacial injuries between May 2014 and November 2015 were retrospectively retrieved and analyzed for prevalence, pattern, etiology, and management of maxillofacial trauma. SPSS software version 16.0 was used for the data analysis.

Results: Maxillofacial fractures accounts for 93.3% of total injuries. The mean and standard deviation for the age of the patients were 35.0±11.8 years and with a minimum age of 5 years and maximum age of 75 years. Adults from 20 to 40 years age groups were more commonly involved, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. There was a statistically significantly higher proportion of males more commonly involved in accident and injuries (P <0.001).

Conclusion: The most common etiology of maxillofacial injury was road traffic accidents (RTA) followed by falls and assaults, the sports injuries seem to be very less. In RTA, motorized two-wheelers (MTW) were the most common cause of incidents. The majority of victims of RTA were young adult males between the ages of 20 to 40 years. The malar bone and maxilla were the most common sites of fracture, followed by the mandible. The right side of the zygomatic complex was the predominant side of MTW injury. The majority of the zygomatic complex fractures were treated by conservative management. Open reduction and internal fixation were performed for indicated fracture patients.

Keywords: Fractures; Injuries; Mandible; Maxillofacial; Zygomatic.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. A. Prevalance of maxillofacial injury. B. Gender distribution.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. Etiology of injury. (RTA: road traffic accidents)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. Site of maxillofacial fracture.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. Management for maxillofacial injuries.
Fig. 5
Fig. 5. Patients orthopantomography and computed tomography of maxilofacial injuries (arrows).
Fig. 6
Fig. 6. Management of zygomatic complex fracture and orbital floor fracture.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7. Open reduction and internal fixation done when indicated.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Gassner R, Tuli T, Hächl O, Rudisch A, Ulmer H. Cranio-maxillofacial trauma: a 10 year review of 9,543 cases with 21,067 injuries. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. 2003;31:51–61. - PubMed
    1. Akama MK, Chindia ML, Macigo FG, Guthua SW. Pattern of maxillofacial and associated injuries in road traffic accidents. East Afr Med J. 2007;84:287–295. - PubMed
    1. Qudah MA, Bataineh AB. A retrospective study of selected oral and maxillofacial fractures in a group of Jordanian children. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;94:310–314. - PubMed
    1. Subhashraj K, Nandakumar N, Ravindran C. Review of maxillofacial injuries in Chennai, India: a study of 2748 cases. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007;45:637–639. - PubMed
    1. Mohan D. The road ahead: traffic injuries and fatalities in India. New Delhi: Transportation Research and Injury Prevention Programme, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi; 2004. pp. 1–30.