Expression of microphthalmia transcription factor, S100 protein, and HMB-45 in malignant melanoma and pigmented nevi

Abstract

Malignant melanoma (MM) is a type of malignant tumor, which originates from neural crest melanocytes. MM progresses rapidly and results in a high mortality rate. The present study aims to investigate the expression of microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF), the S100 protein, and HMB-45 in MM and pigmented nevi. A total of 32 MM samples (including three skin metastasis, three lymph node metastasis and two spindle cell MM samples), two Spitz nevus samples, four pigmented nevus samples and two blue nevus samples were collected. The expression levels of S100 protein, HMB-45, and MITF were observed via immunostaining. The S100 protein exhibited high positive rates in MM and pigment disorders (96.7 and 100%, respectively), but with low specificity. The S100 protein was also expressed in fibroblasts, myoepithelial cells, histocytes and Langerhans cells in normal skin samples. HMB-45 had high specificity. Its positive expression was only confined to MM cells and junctional nevus cells. Furthermore, HMB-45 was not expressed in melanocytes in the normal tissue samples around the tumor or in the benign intradermal nevus cells. MITF exhibited high specificity and high sensitivity. It was expressed in the nuclei of melanocytes, MM cells and nevus cells. It was observed to be strongly expressed in metastatic MM and spindle cell MMs. Thus, MITF may present as a specific immunomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of MM.

Keywords: Spitz nevus; lymph node metastasis; malignant melanoma.

Figure 1.

Expression of S100 protein, HMB-45, and MITF in MM and pigmented nevus samples. (A) S100 protein in MM (+++; magnification, ×200); (B) HMB-45 in MM (magnification, ×400); (C) HMB-45 in Spitz nevus (+++; magnification, ×200); (D) MITF in MM (+; magnification, ×100); (E) MITF in metastatic MM (+; magnification, ×100); (F) MITF in Spitz nevus (+; magnification, ×100). MITF, microphthalmia transcription factor; MM, malignant melanoma.

Figure 2.

Unspecific staining of S100 protein in hair follicles, sweat glands and fibroblasts (magnification, ×400).

Figure 3.

Expression of S100 protein in pigmented nevus, blue nevus, and Spitz nevus samples. S100 protein in (A) pigmented nevus, (B) blue nevus and (C) Spitz nevus (magnification, ×400).

Figure 4.

HMB-45 expression in normal Langerhans cells without skin damage caused by melanoma (magnification, ×400).