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. 2016 Nov 8;7(45):72758-72766.
doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.11805.

Computational identification of microRNAs associated to both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and NGAL/MMP-9 pathways in bladder cancer

Luca Falzone  1 , Saverio Candido  1 , Rossella Salemi  1 , Maria S Basile  1 , Aurora Scalisi  2 , James A McCubrey  3 , Francesco Torino  4 , Salvatore S Signorelli  5 , Maurizio Montella  6 , Massimo Libra  1
Affiliations

Computational identification of microRNAs associated to both epithelial to mesenchymal transition and NGAL/MMP-9 pathways in bladder cancer

Luca Falzone et al. Oncotarget. .

Abstract

Bladder cancer is one of the leading cancer of the urinary tract. It is often diagnosed at advanced stage of the disease. To date, no specific and effective early detection biomarkers are available. Cancer development and progression are associated with the involvement of both epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and tumor microenvironment of which NGAL/MMP-9 complex represents the main player in bladder cancer. It is known that change in microRNAs (miRNAs) expression may result in gene modulation. Therefore, the identification of specific miRNAs associated with EMT pathway and NGAL/MMP-9 complex may be useful to detect the development of bladder cancer at early stages.On this ground, the expression levels of miRNAs in public available datasets of bladder cancer containing data of non-coding RNA profiling was evaluated. This analysis revealed a group of 16 miRNAs differentially expressed between bladder cancer patients and related healthy controls. By miRNA prediction tool (mirDIP), the relationship between the identified miRNAs and the EMT genes was established. Using the DIANA-mirPath (v.2) software, miRNAs, able to modulate the expression of NGAL and MMP-9 genes, were recognized.The results of this study provide evidence that the downregulated hsa-miR-145-5p and hsa-miR-214-3p may modulate the expression of both EMT and NGAL/MMP-9 pathways. Therefore, further validation analyses may confirm the usefulness of these selected miRNAs for predicting the development of bladder cancer at the early stage of the disease.

Keywords: NGAL/MMP-9; bioinformatics; bladder cancer; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; miRNAs.

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Conflict of interest statement

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. miRNAs able to target the most important genes involved in the ephythelial-mesenchymal transition
The gradations of color correspond to the specific values of each miRNA to the target genes. SNAI1: snail family zinc finger 1; SNAI2: snail family zinc finger 2; TWIST1: twist bHLH family transcription factor 1; TWIST2: twist bHLH family transcription factor 2; CDH1: E-cadherin; CTNNB1: β-catenin; ZEB1: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1; ZEB2: zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2; VIM: vimentin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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