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Review
. 2016 Oct 1;114(5):472-6.
doi: 10.5546/aap.2016.eng.472. Epub 2016 Oct 1.

Nutrients and neurodevelopment: lipids

[Article in English, Spanish]
Affiliations
Review

Nutrients and neurodevelopment: lipids

[Article in English, Spanish]
Horacio F González et al. Arch Argent Pediatr. .

Abstract

Nutrients, lipids in particular, make up the central nervous system structure and play major functional roles: they stimulate development, migration, and nerve cell differentiation. They are part of gray matter, white matter, nerve nuclei, and synaptogenesis. Breast milk contains lipids which are crucial for infant brain development. The lipid profile of breast milk was used as a guideline for the development of breast milk substitutes. However, to date, no substitute has matched it. Complementary feeding should include docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, other polyunsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and complex lipids found in milk fat. The lipid composition of breast milk depends on maternal intake and nutritional status during pregnancy and breast-feeding. It has a great impact on development. Our goal is to review scientific literature regarding the role of lipids on infant brain development and the importance of breast milk lipid composition, maternal diet, and complementary feeding.

Los nutrientes, los lípidos, en particular, se incorporan a la estructura del sistema nervioso central y cumplen importantes roles funcionales: estimulan el desarrollo, la migración y la diferenciación de las células nerviosas. Forman parte de la sustancia gris, la sustancia blanca, los núcleos nerviosos y la sinaptogénesis. La leche materna contiene los lípidos indispensables para el desarrollo cerebral infantil. Su perfil lipídico guió el desarrollo de los sucedáneos de la leche materna. Sin embargo, aún hoy, no ha sido igualada. La alimentación complementaria debe considerar la presencia de ácido docosahexaenoico, ácido araquidónico, otros ácidos grasos poliinsaturados, ácidos grasos saturados y lípidos complejos presentes en la grasa láctea. La composición lipídica de la leche humana depende de la ingesta y del estado nutricional materno durante el embarazo y la lactancia. Tiene gran impacto sobre el desarrollo. Nuestro objetivo es revisar la literatura científica sobre el rol de los lípidos en el desarrollo cerebral infantil y la importancia de la composición lipídica de la leche humana, la alimentación materna y la alimentación complementaria.

Keywords: Breast milk; Central nervous system; Infant development; Lipids; Nutrition.

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