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. 2016 Sep 12;7(1):19.
doi: 10.1186/s13167-016-0068-0. eCollection 2016.

Integration of suboptimal health status and endothelial dysfunction as a new aspect for risk evaluation of cardiovascular disease

Vitalii Kupaev  1 , Oleg Borisov  1 , Ekaterina Marutina  1 , Yu-Xiang Yan  2 , Wei Wang  3
Affiliations

Integration of suboptimal health status and endothelial dysfunction as a new aspect for risk evaluation of cardiovascular disease

Vitalii Kupaev et al. EPMA J. .

Abstract

Background: Suboptimal health status (SHS) is recognized as a subclinical, reversible stage of chronic disease. Association has been confirmed between SHS and cardiovascular risk factors, indicating that SHS may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease. This study explored integrated risk assessment of cardiovascular disease by combining SHS questionnaire-25 (SHSQ-25) and indicators of endothelial dysfunction.

Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 459 residents of Samara, Russia, who had no history of clinical diagnosed disease and did not receive any treatment in the last 2 weeks. The SHS score was derived from the data collected in the SHSQ-25. Blood pressure, body mass index, and glucose and lipid levels (total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and triglycerides) were measured by physical examination and laboratory performance. The relationship between SHS and endothelial dysfunction was examined using Pearson's correlation linear regression analysis. Cluster analysis was performed to identify systemic patterns arising from exposure to a variety of risk factors.

Results: Significant correlations were observed between index of endothelial function and the overall performance of SHS (r = -0.31, p < 0.05), and individual scales of the questionnaire SHSQ-25: fatigue (r = -0.36, p < 0.05), mental (r = -0.29, p < 0.05), and the cardiovascular system (r = -0.36). Based on cluster analysis, all subjects were grouped into five clusters: (1) optimal health status, (2) SHS at low risk of disease states, (3) SHS with a high risk of non-cardiac pathologies profile, (4) SHS of low risk of cardiovascular disease, and (5) SHS with high risk of cardiovascular disease.

Conclusions: SHS is associated with endothelial dysfunction. Integration of suboptimal health status and endothelial dysfunction provides a novel tool to allow people to get a more holistic picture of both subjective and objective health measures, and also can be applied to routine screening for risks of cardiovascular diseases.

Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; Endothelial dysfunction; Risk factors; Suboptimal health status.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cluster analysis of integration of suboptimal health status, cardiovascular risk, and endothelial dysfunction. The figure shows a graph obtained during cluster analysis, allowing for classification into clusters after pre-processing the received data in accordance with the average values in the whole population. *SumSHS: the total amount of SHS score: 25. SI smoker index, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressures, DBP diastolic blood pressures, IEF index of endothelial function, IR index of reflection before the sample, IR2 index of reflection after the sample, IS stiffness index before the sample, IS2 stiffness index after the sample, TCH total cholesterol, GLU glucose
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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