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Observational Study
. 2016 Sep 14:16:486.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-016-1819-1.

Factors associated with smoking among tuberculosis patients in Spain

María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes  1   2   3 , Teresa Rodrigo  4   5   6   7 , María Neus Altet  4   5   8 , Carlos A Jiménez-Ruiz  9 , Martí Casals  4   7   10 , Antón Penas  4   11 , Isabel Mir  4   12 , Segismundo Solano Reina  13 , Juan Antonio Riesco-Miranda  14   15 , Joan A Caylá  4   5   6   10   16 ; Smoking and Tuberculosis Research Working Group
Collaborators, Affiliations
Observational Study

Factors associated with smoking among tuberculosis patients in Spain

María Ángeles Jiménez-Fuentes et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: To determine the prevalence of smoking and analyze associated factors in a cohort of patients diagnosed with tuberculosis (TB) in Spain between 2006 and 2013.

Methods: Multicenter, cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study using a national database of TB patients, using logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals (CI).

Results: We analyzed 5,846 cases (62 % men, mean age 39 years, 33 % foreigners). 23.4 % were alcohol abuser, 1.3 % were injected drug users (IDU), 4.6 % were co-infected with HIV, and 7.5 % had a history of TB treatment. 6.6 % and 0.8 % showed resistance to one and multiple drugs, respectively. The predominant clinical presentation was pulmonary (71 %) with a cavitary radiological pattern in 32.8 % of cases. 82 % of cases were confirmed microbiologically, and 54 % were smear-positive microscopy. 2,300 (39.3 %) patients were smokers. The following factors were associated with smoking: male sex (OR = 2.26;CI:1.97;2.60), Spanish origin (OR = 2.79;CI:2.40-3.24), alcoholism (OR = 2.85;CI:2.46;3.31), IDU (OR = 2.78;CI:1.48;5.52), homelessness (OR = 1.99;CI:1.14-3.57), pulmonary TB (OR = 1.61;CI:1.16;2.24), cavitary radiological pattern (OR = 1.99;CI:1.43;2.79) and a smear-positive microscopy at the time of diagnosis (OR = 1.39;CI:1.14;1.17).

Conclusions: The prevalence of smoking among TB patients is high. Smokers with TB have a distinct sociodemographic, clinical, radiological and microbiological profile to non-smokers.

Keywords: Predictors; Prevention; Smoking; Tuberculosis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Trend in the prevalence of smoking in the general population and among smokers with tuberculosis 2006–2013
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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