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Review
. 2016 Aug 31:5:F1000 Faculty Rev-2123.
doi: 10.12688/f1000research.8004.1. eCollection 2016.

Cardio-renal syndrome

Joseph Gnanaraj  1 , Jai Radhakrishnan  2
Affiliations
Review

Cardio-renal syndrome

Joseph Gnanaraj et al. F1000Res. .

Abstract

Cardio-renal syndrome is a commonly encountered problem in clinical practice. Its pathogenesis is not fully understood. The purpose of this article is to highlight the interaction between the cardiovascular system and the renal system and how their interaction results in the complex syndrome of cardio-renal dysfunction. Additionally, we outline the available therapeutic strategies to manage this complex syndrome.

Keywords: Cardiorenal syndrome; dysfuntion; heart; kidneys.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests. No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed. No competing interests were disclosed.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. Pathophysiological interactions contributing to cardio-renal syndrome.
Figure illustrates how RAAS activation, intestinal hypoperfusion, abnormal endothelial activation, and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of CRS. CRS, cardio-renal syndrome; RAAS, renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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