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. 2016 May:2016:LB15--0138.

3D-WOVEN FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE FOR CAD/CAM DENTAL APPLICATION

Richard Petersen  1 , Perng-Ru Liu  1
Affiliations

3D-WOVEN FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITE FOR CAD/CAM DENTAL APPLICATION

Richard Petersen et al. Sampe J. 2016 May.

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D)-woven noncrimp fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) was tested for mechanical properties in the two principal directions of the main XY plane and compared to different Computer-Aided-Design/Computer-Aided-Machining (CAD/CAM) Dental Materials. The Dental Materials included ceramic with Vitablock Mark II®, ProCAD®, InCeram® Spinel, InCeram® Alumina and InCeram® Zirconia in addition to a resin-based 3M Corp. Paradigm® particulate-filled composite. Alternate material controls included Coors 300 Alumina Ceramic and a tungsten carbide 22% cobalt cermet. The 3D-woven FRC was vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processed as a one-depth-thickness ~19-mm preform with a vinyl-ester resin and cut into blocks similar to the commercial CAD/CAM Dental Materials. Mechanical test samples prepared for a flexural three-point span length of 10.0 mm were sectioned for minimum-depth cuts to compare machinability and fracture resistance between groups. 3D-woven FRC improved mechanical properties with significant statistical differences over all CAD/CAM Dental Materials and Coors Alumina Ceramic for flexural strength (p<0.001), resilience (p<0.05), work of fracture (p<0.001), strain energy release (p<0.05), critical stress intensity factor (p<0.001) and strain (p<0.001).

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Illustration of 3 Weave® XY plane fiber directions with Z-fibers parallel to the X fiber direction and looping over the Y fibers. The total woven Vf of the composite is approximately 53.2% with 46.8% air. But, following VARTM densification the total Vf increases to an approximate 56% with the polymer fraction about 44%. [39-Stobbe D and Mohamed M (2003) A New Generation of 3D Woven Fabric Preforms and Composites. SAMPE Journal Vol 37, No. 3 May/June: 8–17, Figure 1. Reprinted by permission from the Society for the Advancement of Material and Process Engineering (SAMPE)].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Mechanical Properties for Flexural Strength.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Mechanical Properties for Work of Fracture.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mechanical Properties for Strain Energy Release.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Mechanical Properties for Critical Stress Intensity Factor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Mechanical Properties for Strain.
Figure 7
Figure 7
A–B. Photos of FRC CAD/CAM in-office milling with CEREC® 3D diamond tooling without polishing for a full crown took about 15 minutes compared to 20 minutes for partially sintered ceramic and 40 minute glass infiltration or 3 hours machining for fully sintered single unit Ceram coping. C. SEM FRC smooth crown margins. D. SEM ProCAD® ceramic flaws.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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