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. 2016 Jul-Aug;21(4):34-40.
doi: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.034-040.oar.

Influence of ligation method on friction resistance of lingual brackets with different second-order angulations: an in vitro study

Graziane Olímpio Pereira  1 , Carla Maria Melleiro Gimenez  2 , Lucas Prieto  3 , Marcos Gabriel do Lago Prieto  4 , Roberta Tarkany Basting  4
Affiliations

Influence of ligation method on friction resistance of lingual brackets with different second-order angulations: an in vitro study

Graziane Olímpio Pereira et al. Dental Press J Orthod. 2016 Jul-Aug.

Abstract
in English, Portuguese

Objective: To evaluate stainless steel archwire static friction in active and passive self-ligating lingual and conventional brackets with second-order angulations.

Methods: Two conventional lingual brackets for canines (STb light/Ormco; PSWb/Tecnident), and two self-ligating brackets, one active (In-Ovation L/GAC) and the other passive (3D/ Forestadent), were evaluated. A stainless steel archwire was used at 0°, 3° and 5° angulations. Metal ligatures, conventional elastic ligatures, and low friction elastic ligatures were also tested. A universal testing machine applied friction between brackets and wires, simulating sliding mechanics, to produce 2-mm sliding at 3 mm/minute speed.

Results: Two-way analysis of variance demonstrated a significant effect of the interaction between brackets and angulations (p < 0.001). Tukey test indicated that the highest frictional resistance values were observed at 5° angulation for In-Ovation L, PSWb bracket with non conventional ligature, and STb bracket with metal ligature. As for 3D, PSWb with conventional or metal ligatures, and STb brackets with non conventional ligature, showed significantly lower static frictional resistance with 0° angulation. At 0° angulation, STb brackets with metal ties, In-Ovation L brackets and 3D brackets had the lowest frictional resistance.

Conclusions: As the angulation increased from 0° to 3°, static friction resistance increased. When angulation increased from 3° to 5°, static friction resistance increased or remained the same. Self-ligating 3D and In-Ovation L brackets, as well as conventional STb brackets, seem to be the best option when sliding mechanics is used to perform lingual orthodontic treatment.

Objetivo:: avaliar o atrito estático de fios de aço inoxidável em braquetes linguais autoligáveis ativos e passivos, e braquetes linguais ligados convencionalmente, com angulações de segunda ordem.

Métodos:: dois tipos de braquetes linguais convencionais para caninos (STb light, Ormco, e PSWb, Tecnident) e dois tipos de braquetes autoligáveis, um ativo (In-Ovation L, GAC) e outro passivo (3D, Forestadent), foram avaliados. Um fio de aço inoxidável com angulações de 0°, 3° e 5° foi utilizado. Ligaduras metálicas, elásticas convencionais e ligaduras elásticas de baixo atrito também foram testadas. Uma máquina de ensaio universal causou atrito entre os braquetes e os fios, simulando uma mecânica de deslizamento de 2mm, a uma velocidade de 3mm/minuto.

Resultados:: a análise de variância de dois níveis demonstrou haver um efeito significativo resultante da interação entre braquetes e angulações (p < 0,001). O teste de Tukey indicou que os valores mais altos de resistência ao atrito foram observados com uma angulação de 5° no braquete In-Ovation L, e no braquete STb com ligadura metálica. Já os braquetes 3D e In-Ovation L, e os braquetes STb com ligadura não convencional apresentaram valores de resistência ao atrito significativamente baixos com uma angulação de 0°. Com angulação de 0°, os braquetes STb com ligaduras metálicas, braquetes In-Ovation L e braquetes 3D apresentaram os mais baixos valores de resistência ao atrito.

Conclusões:: à medida que a angulação aumentou de 0° para 3°, a resistência ao atrito estático também aumentou. À medida que a angulação aumentou de 3° para 5°, a resistência ao atrito estático também aumentou ou continuou a mesma. Os braquetes autoligáveis 3D e In-Ovation L, assim como os braquetes convencionais STb, parecem ser as melhores opções quando a mecânica de deslizamento é usada no tratamento ortodôntico lingual.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Brackets used in the study: A) PSWb (Tecnident, São Carlos/SP, Brazil); B) STb light (Ormco, USA); C) In-Ovation L (GAC, USA); D) 3D (Forestadent, Germany).
Figure 2
Figure 2. Bracket positioned for the friction test in the device, and application of artificial saliva for lubrication.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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