Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

doi:10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4

. 2016 Sep 22;16(1):158.

doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4.

Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Aditi Lohan¹, Amy E Mitchell¹, Ania Filus^{1

2}, Kate Sofronoff¹, Alina Morawska³

Affiliations

¹ Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
² Center for Self-Report Science, Center for Social & Economic Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
³ Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. alina@psy.uq.edu.au.

PMID: 27659518
PMCID: PMC5034659
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4

Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

Aditi Lohan et al. BMC Pediatr. 2016.

. 2016 Sep 22;16(1):158.

doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4.

Authors

Aditi Lohan¹, Amy E Mitchell¹, Ania Filus^{1

2}, Kate Sofronoff¹, Alina Morawska³

Affiliations

¹ Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
² Center for Self-Report Science, Center for Social & Economic Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA.
³ Parenting and Family Support Centre, School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia. alina@psy.uq.edu.au.

PMID: 27659518
PMCID: PMC5034659
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-016-0697-4

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a serious, life-long condition which causes major health, social and economic burden for children, their families and the community. Diabetes management involves strict adherence to a complex regimen, and poor management and non-adherence are a persistent problem among children. Parent-child interactions and parenting have been identified as crucial points of intervention to support children's health and emotional well-being, yet few parenting interventions have been developed or evaluated for parents of young children. This paper describes a randomised controlled trial of a brief, group-based parenting intervention for parents of young children (2-10 years) with type 1 diabetes compared against care as usual (CAU).

Methods/design: Families will be randomised to either Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P or CAU. Positive Parenting for Healthy Living Triple P involves 2 × 2 h group sessions. Outcomes will be assessed via parent and child questionnaire, home observations and blood glucose monitoring at baseline, 1-month and 6-months post-intervention. Primary outcomes will be parent- and child-reported parenting behaviour, parent-reported child behaviour and adjustment, and parent-reported child quality-of-life. Secondary outcomes will include parental self-efficacy with diabetes management, illness-specific and general parenting stress, parent-reported child illness behaviour, family quality-of-life, observed parenting and child behaviour, and child's illness control.

Discussion: The theoretical background, study hypotheses, methods and planned analyses are discussed.

Trial registration: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12613001281785 . Registered 20 November, 2013.

Keywords: Child behaviour; Parenting; Parenting intervention; Protocol; Randomised controlled trial; Self-efficacy; Type 1 diabetes.

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Figures

**Fig. 1**
Participant flow through the study

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References

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1. Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltész G. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet. 2009;373(9680):2027–2033. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7. - DOI - PubMed
1. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT) Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. J Pediatr. 1994;125:177–188. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70190-3. - DOI - PubMed
1. DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care. 2004;42(3):200–209. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9. - DOI - PubMed
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[1] International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 3rd edn. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006. Available at: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html. Accessed 1 July 2015.

[2] International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 3rd edn. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2006. Available at: http://www.diabetesatlas.org/resources/previous-editions.html. Accessed 1 July 2015.

[3] Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltész G. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet. 2009;373(9680):2027–2033. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7. - DOI - PubMed

[4] Patterson CC, Dahlquist GG, Gyürüs E, Green A, Soltész G. Incidence trends for childhood type 1 diabetes in Europe during 1989–2003 and predicted new cases 2005–20: a multicentre prospective registration study. Lancet. 2009;373(9680):2027–2033. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60568-7. - DOI - PubMed

[5] Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT) Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. J Pediatr. 1994;125:177–188. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70190-3. - DOI - PubMed

[6] Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group (DCCT) Effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the development and progression of long-term complications in adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. J Pediatr. 1994;125:177–188. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(94)70190-3. - DOI - PubMed

[7] DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care. 2004;42(3):200–209. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9. - DOI - PubMed

[8] DiMatteo MR. Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Med Care. 2004;42(3):200–209. doi: 10.1097/01.mlr.0000114908.90348.f9. - DOI - PubMed

[9] McNabb WL. Adherence in diabetes: Can we define it and can we measure it? Diabetes Care. 1997;20(2):215–218. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.2.215. - DOI - PubMed

[10] McNabb WL. Adherence in diabetes: Can we define it and can we measure it? Diabetes Care. 1997;20(2):215–218. doi: 10.2337/diacare.20.2.215. - DOI - PubMed

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Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

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Positive parenting for healthy living (Triple P) for parents of children with type 1 diabetes: protocol of a randomised controlled trial

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