Anxiety in Patients Treated with Hemodialysis

Abstract

Anxiety is a common yet frequently overlooked psychiatric symptom in patients with ESRD treated with hemodialysis (HD). Anxiety is characterized by disruptive feelings of uncertainty, dread, and fearfulness. A variety of common medical complaints may be manifestations of an anxiety disorder, including palpitations, tremors, indigestion, numbness/tingling, nervousness, shortness of breath, diaphoresis, and fear. It is essential for the clinician to rule out specific medical conditions, including cardiovascular, pulmonary, and neurologic diseases, before ascribing these symptoms to an anxiety disorder. In addition, there is considerable overlap between the symptoms of anxiety and those of depression and uremia. This psychiatric condition has a significant adverse impact on patients' perception of quality of life. Little is known regarding the prevalence and impact of anxiety disorders in patients with ESRD treated with HD; however, many of the seemingly irrational behaviors of patients, or behaviors which place them in conflict with staff and physicians, such as behavioral noncompliance, may be the expression of an underlying anxiety disorder. In this review, we present three clinical vignettes, highlighting the impact of anxiety disorders in patients with ESRD treated with HD.

Keywords: Anxiety Disorders; Chronic; Depressive Disorder; Dyspepsia; Dyspnea; Fear; Hemodialysis; Humans; Hypesthesia; Kidney Failure; Prevalence; Tremor; Uncertainty; anxiety; benzodiazepine; depression; quality of life; renal dialysis; uremia.

Figure 1.

Schematic depiction of the interaction of psychosocial and environmental factors and anxiety as they affect patient perception of quality of life.