Roles of Pyridine and Pyrimidine Derivatives as Privileged Scaffolds in Anticancer Agents

Abstract

Background: Cancer has been considered to be a global health concern due to the impact of disease on the quality of life. The continual increase of cancer cases as well as the resistance of cancer cells to the existing drugs have driven the search for novel anticancer drugs with better potency and selectivity, improved pharmacokinetic profiles, and minimum toxicities. Pyridine and pyrimidine are presented in natural products and genetic materials. These pyridine/pyrimidine core structures have been noted for their roles in many biological processes as well as in cancer pathogenesis, which make such compounds become attractive scaffolds for discovery of novel drugs.

Results & conclusion: In the recent years, pyridine- and pyrimidine-based anticancer drugs have been developed based on structural modification of these core structures (i.e., substitution with moieties and rings, conjugation with other compounds, and coordination with metal ions). Detailed discussion is provided in this review to highlight the potential of these small molecules as privileged scaffolds with attractive properties and biological activities for the search of novel anticancer agents.

Keywords: Anticancer agents; cancer; fused-pyridine/pyrimidine; metal-based pyridine/pyrimidine; pyridine; pyrimidine.