Synthesis and Anti-cancer Activity of 3-substituted Benzoyl-4-substituted Phenyl-1H-pyrrole Derivatives

Abstract

Background: Cancer is considered a major public health problem worldwide.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to design and synthesis of novel anticancer agents with potent anticancer activity and minimum side effects.

Method: A series of pyrrole derivatives were synthesized, their anti-cancer activity against nine cancer cell lines and two non-cancer cell lines were evaluated by MTT assay, and their cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry analysis.

Results: The study of the structure-activity relationships revealed that the introduction of the electron-donation groups at the 4th position of the pyrrole ring increased the anti-cancer activity. Among the synthesized compounds, specially the compounds bearing 3,4-dimethoxy phenyl at the 4th position of the pyrrole ring showed potent anti-cancer activity, cpd 19 was the most potent against MGC 80-3, HCT-116 and CHO cell lines (IC50s = 1.0－1.7 μM), cpd 21 was the most potent against HepG2, DU145 and CT-26 cell lines (IC50s = 0.5－0.9 μM), and cpd 15 was the most potent against A549 (IC50 = 3.6 μM). Moreover, these potent compounds showed weak cytotoxicity against HUVEC and NIH/3T3. Thus, the cpds 15, 19 and 21 show potential anti-cancer for further investigation. Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis revealed that cpd 21 arrested the CT-26 cells at S phase, and induced the cell apoptosis.

Conclusion: Thus, these compounds with the potent anticancer activity and low toxicity have potential for the development of new anticancer chemotherapy agents.

Keywords: MTT assay; Pyrrole derivatives; anticancer activity; benzoyl-4-substituted; cytotoxicity; synthesis.