Nationwide Distribution of Bovine Influenza D Virus Infection in Japan

Taisuke Horimoto¹, Takahiro Hiono², Hirohisa Mekata^{3

4}, Tomoha Odagiri¹, Zhihao Lei¹, Tomoya Kobayashi¹, Junzo Norimine⁴, Yasuo Inoshima⁵, Hirokazu Hikono⁶, Kenji Murakami⁶, Reiichiro Sato⁷, Hironobu Murakami⁸, Masahiro Sakaguchi⁹, Kazunori Ishii¹⁰, Takaaki Ando^{11

12}, Kounosuke Otomaru¹³, Makoto Ozawa^{12

14

15}, Yoshihiro Sakoda², Shin Murakami¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
² Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
³ Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
⁴ Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
⁵ Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
⁶ Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
⁷ Laboratory of Internal Medicine 3, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
⁸ Laboratory of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
⁹ Laboratory of Microbiology 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
¹⁰ Ishii Veterinary Clinic, 4-4-25 Nakamikunigaoka, Sakai-ku, Sakai, 590-0022, Osaka, Japan.
¹¹ Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹² United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
¹³ Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹⁴ Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹⁵ Transboundary Animal Diseases Control and Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.

PMID: 27682422
PMCID: PMC5040247
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163828

Nationwide Distribution of Bovine Influenza D Virus Infection in Japan

Taisuke Horimoto et al. PLoS One. 2016.

. 2016 Sep 28;11(9):e0163828.

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163828. eCollection 2016.

Authors

Affiliations

¹ Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
² Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 18 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0818, Japan.
³ Organization for Promotion of Tenure Track, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
⁴ Center for Animal Disease Control, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuen Kibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, 889-2192, Japan.
⁵ Laboratory of Food and Environmental Hygiene, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan.
⁶ Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Co-department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8550, Japan.
⁷ Laboratory of Internal Medicine 3, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
⁸ Laboratory of Animal Health 2, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
⁹ Laboratory of Microbiology 1, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, 252-5201, Japan.
¹⁰ Ishii Veterinary Clinic, 4-4-25 Nakamikunigaoka, Sakai-ku, Sakai, 590-0022, Osaka, Japan.
¹¹ Laboratory of Theriogenology, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹² United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan.
¹³ Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹⁴ Laboratory of Animal Hygiene, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
¹⁵ Transboundary Animal Diseases Control and Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.

PMID: 27682422
PMCID: PMC5040247
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163828

Abstract

Cattle are major reservoirs of the provisionally named influenza D virus, which is potentially involved in the bovine respiratory disease complex. Here, we conducted a serological survey for the influenza D virus in Japan, using archived bovine serum samples collected during 2010-2016 from several herds of apparently healthy cattle in various regions of the country. We found sero-positive cattle across all years and in all the prefectural regions tested, with a total positivity rate of 30.5%, although the positivity rates varied among regions (13.5-50.0%). There was no significant difference in positivity rates for Holstein and Japanese Black cattle. Positivity rates tended to increase with cattle age. The herds were clearly divided into two groups: those with a high positive rate and those with a low (or no) positive rate, indicating that horizontal transmission of the virus occurs readily within a herd. These data demonstrate that bovine influenza D viruses have been in circulation for at least 5 years countrywide, emphasizing its ubiquitous distribution in the cattle population of Japan.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

**Fig 1. Geographical location of the prefectures in Japan covering the region of cattle sample collection.**
The location of Ibaraki Prefecture where we first detected the influenza D infection [8] is also shown. This figure is similar but not identical to the original image (www.freemap.jp), and is therefore for illustrative purposes only.

**Fig 2. Influenza D virus infection in Japan.**
(A) The number of positive samples for each HI titer in Holstein (n = 326) and Japanese Black (n = 941) cattle. (B) Positivity rate (%) of cattle samples according to year of collection. (C) Positivity rate (%) according to cattle age.

**Fig 3. Influenza D virus infection in Miyazaki Prefecture.**
Positivity rate (%) of cattle in each farm accommodating more than 10 animals is shown.

See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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Nationwide Distribution of Bovine Influenza D Virus Infection in Japan

Affiliations

Nationwide Distribution of Bovine Influenza D Virus Infection in Japan

Authors

Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

Figures

References

LinkOut - more resources

Full Text Sources

Other Literature Sources