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. 2016 Sep 30;11(9):e0163781.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163781. eCollection 2016.

Affective Disorders, Psychosis and Dementia in a Community Sample of Older Men with and without Parkinson's Disease

Osvaldo P Almeida  1   2   3 , Kieran McCaul  2 , Graeme J Hankey  4   5 , Bu B Yeap  4   6 , Jonathan Golledge  7   8 , Leon Flicker  2   4   9
Affiliations

Affective Disorders, Psychosis and Dementia in a Community Sample of Older Men with and without Parkinson's Disease

Osvaldo P Almeida et al. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Dementia and affective and psychotic symptoms are commonly associated with Parkinson's disease, but information about their prevalence and incidence in community representative samples remains sparse.

Methods: We recruited a community-representative sample 38173 older men aged 65-85 years in 1996 and used data linkage to ascertain the presence of PD, affective disorders, psychotic disorders and dementia. Diagnoses followed the International Classification of Disease coding system. Age was recorded in years. Follow up data were available until December 2011.

Results: The mean age of participants was 72.5 years and 333 men (0.9%) had PD at study entry. Affective and psychotic disorders and dementia were more frequent in men with than without PD (respective odds ratios: 6.3 [95%CI = 4.7, 8.4]; 14.2 [95%CI = 8.4, 24.0] and 18.2 [95%CI = 13.4, 24.6]). Incidence rate ratios of affective and psychotic disorders were higher among men with than without PD, although ratios decreased with increasing age. The age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of an affective episode associated with PD was 5.0 (95%CI = 4.2, 5.9). PD was associated with an age-adjusted HR of 8.6 (95%CI = 6.1, 12.0) for psychotic disorders and 6.1 (95%CI = 5.5, 6.8) for dementia. PD and dementia increased the HR of depressive and psychotic disorders.

Conclusions: PD increases the risk of affective and psychotic disorders, as well as dementia, among community dwelling older men. The risk of a recorded diagnosis of affective and psychotic disorders decreases with increasing age.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Fig 1
Fig 1
Panel A: the diamonds depict the percentage prevalence of Parkinson’s disease for each age group and the whiskers the 95% confidence interval of the prevalence estimate. Panel B: the diamonds depict the incidence rate of Parkinson’s disease by age group per 100,000 person-years, and the whiskers the 95% confidence interval of the rates.
Fig 2
Fig 2. The bars depict the incidence rate of affective episodes per 1000 person-years for each age group, and the whiskers represent the 95% confidence interval of the rates.
The left and right bars for each age group show the results for men without and with Parkinson’s disease respectively.
Fig 3
Fig 3. The bars depict the incidence rate of psychotic episode per 1000 person-years for each age group, and the whiskers represent the 95% confidence interval of the rates.
The left and right bars for each age group show the results for men without and with Parkinson’s disease respectively.
Fig 4
Fig 4. The bars depict the incidence rate of dementia per 1000 person-years for each age group, and the whiskers represent the 95% confidence interval of the rates.
The left and right bars for each age group show the results for men without and with Parkinson’s disease respectively.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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