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. 2016 Sep 15:7:1382.
doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01382. eCollection 2016.

Sulfur Mediated Alleviation of Mn Toxicity in Polish Wheat Relates to Regulating Mn Allocation and Improving Antioxidant System

Huajin Sheng  1 , Jian Zeng  2 , Yang Liu  2 , Xiaolu Wang  1 , Yi Wang  1 , Houyang Kang  1 , Xing Fan  1 , Lina Sha  1 , Haiqin Zhang  1 , Yonghong Zhou  1
Affiliations

Sulfur Mediated Alleviation of Mn Toxicity in Polish Wheat Relates to Regulating Mn Allocation and Improving Antioxidant System

Huajin Sheng et al. Front Plant Sci. .

Abstract

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient that has been proved to play an important role in regulating plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of S status on polish wheat plant response to Mn toxicity. Results showed that Mn stress inhibited plant growth, disturbed photosynthesis and induced oxidative stress. In response to Mn stress, polish wheat plant activated several detoxification mechanisms to counteract Mn toxicity, including enhanced antioxidant defense system, increased Mn distribution in the cell wall and up-regulated genes involved in S assimilation. Moderate S application was found to alleviate Mn toxicity mainly by sequestering excess Mn into vacuoles, inhibiting Mn translocation from roots to shoots, stimulating activities of antioxidant enzymes and enhancing GSH production via up-regulating genes involved in S metabolism. However, application of high level S to Mn-stressed plants did not significantly alleviated Mn toxicity likely due to osmotic stress. In conclusion, moderate S application is beneficial to polish wheat plant against Mn toxicity, S exerts its effects via stimulating the antioxidant defense system and regulating the translocation and subcellular distribution of Mn, in which processes GSH plays an indispensable role.

Keywords: Mn toxicity; S metabolism; antioxidant defense system; chlorophyll fluorescence; subcellular distribution; translocation.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in polish wheat seedlings treated with S, Mn, and their combination (Fv/Fm, maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II; qP, photochemical quenching; NPQ, non-photochemical quenching coefficient; and ΦPSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport).
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Histochemical detection of H2O2 in leaves (A), lipid peroxidation in roots (B), O2•– in leaves (C), loss of plasma membrane integrity in root (D), ROS level in roots (E), MDA contents in leaves and roots (F).
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Mn and S contents and proportion of subcellular distribution of Mn in polish wheat seedlings treated with S, Mn, and their combination. Data represented as mean ± SD. Different letters on vertical bars indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Activity of SOD, APX, GR, and DHAR in both tissues of polish wheat seedlings treated with S, Mn, and their combination. Data represented as mean ± SD. Different letters on vertical bars indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
GSH, NPT, and PCs contents and GSH/GSSG in both tissues of polish wheat seedlings treated with S, Mn, and their combination. Data represented as mean ± SD. Different letters on vertical bars indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Expression levels of TpHAST, TpGSH1, TpGS, and TpPCS1 in both tissues of polish wheat seedlings treated with S, Mn, and their combination. Data represented as mean ± SD. Different letters on vertical bars indicate significant differences at P ≤ 0.05.
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