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Review
. 2016 Dec;14(6):284-291.
doi: 10.1007/s11914-016-0330-3.

Osteoporosis and Periodontitis

Chin-Wei Jeff Wang  1 , Laurie K McCauley  2
Affiliations
Review

Osteoporosis and Periodontitis

Chin-Wei Jeff Wang et al. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Osteoporosis and periodontitis are both diseases characterized by bone resorption. Osteoporosis features systemic degenerative bone loss that leads to loss of skeletal cancellous microstructure and subsequent fracture, whereas periodontitis involves local inflammatory bone loss, following an infectious breach of the alveolar cortical bone, and it may result in tooth loss. Most cross-sectional studies have confirmed the association of osteoporosis and periodontitis primarily on radiographic measurements and to a lesser degree on clinical parameters. Multiple shared risk factors include age, genetics, hormonal change, smoking, as well as calcium and vitamin D deficiency. Both diseases could also be risk factors for each other and have a mutual impact that requires concomitant management. Suggested mechanisms underlying the linkage are disruption of the homeostasis concerning bone remodeling, hormonal balance, and inflammation resolution. A mutual interventional approach is emerging with complex treatment interactions. Prevention and management of both diseases require interdisciplinary approaches and warrants future well-controlled longitudinal and interventional studies for evidence-based clinical guidelines.

Keywords: Bone; Estrogen; Inflammation; Mechanism; Osteoporosis; Periodontitis; Risk factor.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Schematic illustration of the association between periodontitis and osteoporosis. The diagram highlights the osseous target for periodontal disease (alveolar cortical bone) and osteoporosis (trabecular bone). Shared risk factors and potential mechanisms underlying both diseases are also listed
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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