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. 2016 Aug 30:(69):71-103.
doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.69.9292. eCollection 2016.

A nonet of novel species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) from around Africa

Paul H Hoekstra  1 , Jan J Wieringa  1 , Lars W Chatrou  2
Affiliations

A nonet of novel species of Monanthotaxis (Annonaceae) from around Africa

Paul H Hoekstra et al. PhytoKeys. .

Abstract

As part of an ongoing revision of the genus Monanthotaxis Baill. (Annonaceae), nine new species are described and one variety is reinstated to species rank. Two new species from West Africa (Monanthotaxis aquila P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis atewensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), four new species from Central Africa (Monanthotaxis couvreurii P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis latistamina P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov., Monanthotaxis tripetala P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov. and Monanthotaxis zenkeri P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from Tanzania (Monanthotaxis filipes P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the area around Maputo (Monanthotaxis maputensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.), one new species from the Comoro Islands (Monanthotaxis komorensis P.H.Hoekstra, sp. nov.) and Monanthotaxis klainei (Engl.) Verdc. var. angustifolia (Boutique) Verdc. is raised to species level leading to the replacement name Monanthotaxis atopostema P.H.Hoekstra, nom. nov. (not Monanthotaxis angustifolia (Exell) Verdc.). Complete descriptions, comparisons with related species, ecological information and IUCN conservation assessments are given for the new species. Five species were classified as critical endangered, two species as endangered, one as vulnerable and one as least concern, warranting the need of further collecting and studying those species.

Keywords: Africa; Annonaceae; Atewa Range; Cameroon; Comoros; Gabon; Ghana; Gilbertiella; Ivory Coast; Mayotte; Monanthotaxis; Mozambique; Ottotomo; Republic of Congo; Rondo; South Africa; Tanzania; new species.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Monanthotaxis aquila P.H.Hoekstra. A–H drawn from the type (Geerling & Bokdam 2327). A Leaf B Leaf detail C Inflorescence D Flower. Illustration by M. Spitteler, reproduced from Hawthorne and Jongkind (2006).
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Distribution map of Monanthotaxis aquila (blue triangle) and Monanthotaxis atewensis (red square).
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Monanthotaxis atewensis P.H.Hoekstra. A, B, D drawn from the type (Hall & Lock GC43672) C drawn from Hall & Enti GC36426. A Leaf B Leaf detail C Old flower D Fruit. Illustration by M. Spitteler, from Hawthorne and Jongkind (2006).
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Monanthotaxis couvreurii P.H.Hoekstra. A–F photographs in the field of the type collection (TLP Couvreur 762). Photos: Thomas Couvreur.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Distribution map of Monanthotaxis couvreurii (red diamonds), Monanthotaxis latistamina (blue squares), Monanthotaxis tripetala (green triangles) and Monanthotaxis zenkeri (black asterisk).
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Monanthotaxis filipes P.H.Hoekstra. A–H drawn from the type (Bidgood 1402). A Habitus B Leaf with flower C Flower with petals removed D Outer petal inside E Stamen inside F Stamen lateral G Stamen outside H Carpel. Illustration by H. de Vries.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.
Distribution map of Monanthotaxis filipes (red square) in Tanzania and Monanthotaxis komorensis (green circles) on the Comoros archipelago.
Figure 8.
Figure 8.
Monanthotaxis komorensis P.H.Hoekstra. A Photographs in the field of collection Barthelat 833 B–C idem, Barthelat 1045, D idem, Barthelat 1319. Photos: Fabien Barthelat.
Figure 9.
Figure 9.
Monanthotaxis latistamina P.H.Hoekstra. A-H drawn from the type (Couvreur 565). A Habitus B Flower bud C Open flower with 2 petals and one stamen removed D Outer petal outside E Outer petal inside F Stamen inside G Stamen lateral H Carpel. Illustration by E. Winkel.
Figure 10.
Figure 10.
Monanthotaxis latistamina P.H.Hoekstra. A–D Photographs in the field from the type collection (TLP Couvreur 565). Photos: Thomas Couvreur.
Figure 11.
Figure 11.
Monanthotaxis maputensis P.H.Hoekstra. A drawn from Mendonça 4480 B–J drawn from Exell 565 A Habitus with fruit B Habitus with flowers C Flower bud D Open flower with 2 petals removed E Outer petal F Inner petal G Stamen inside H Stamen lateral I Carpel inside J Carpel lateral. Illustration by E. Winkel.
Figure 12.
Figure 12.
Distribution map of Monanthotaxis maputensis (red squares) and Monanthotaxis caffra (green circles). Large squares/circles denote flowering material of which the stamens were checked, small squares/circles are fruiting or sterile material or only seen from scans. White squares are aberrant fruiting collections of Monanthotaxis maputensis, question marks are fruiting specimens which have intermediate characters between the two species.
Figure 13.
Figure 13.
Monanthotaxis tripetala P.H.Hoekstra. A–J drawn from the type (Leeuwenberg 5828). A Habitus B Leaf base abaxially C Leaf base adaxially with inflorescence D Flower with one petal removed E Petal inside F Flower petals removed G Stamen outside H Stamen inside I Stamen lateral J Carpel. Illustration by H. de Vries.
Figure 14.
Figure 14.
Monanthotaxis zenkeri P.H.Hoekstra. A–J drawn from the type (Zenker 3495a). A Habitus B Leaf underside C Flower bud D Flower with petals removed E Old flower F Stamen lateral G–H Stamen outside I Stamen inside J Carpel. Illustration by H. de Vries.
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