Age of menopause and determinants of menopause age: A PAN India survey by IMS

Abstract

Introduction: Age of menopause is a very important biomarker of not only the loss of fertility but also an increased risk for various mid-life diseases and problems. Many of these diseases can be prevented by timely intervention of lifestyle modification, menopausal hormone therapy, or other supplementations such as calcium, Vitamin D, and micronutrients. In India age of menopause is less than our counterparts in the Western world. This means that the fertility potential of Indian women starts compromising early, so we need to start with the preventive measures much early. Earlier studies in India have been done on a limited population, and small sample size and not all the determinants of menopause age were considered.

Materials and methods: Survey was conducted in 21 chapters of Indian Menopause Society and all regions South, West, East and North were covered. There were 23 Medical practitioners who participated. Consent was taken and inclusion and exclusion criteria was set. Set questions were asked The questionnaire comprised of identification of the participants' religion, education, and various socioeconomic parameters. They were also inquired about their marital and parity status, abortion, or contraceptive use. The menopausal women were asked their menopause age and whether it was natural or surgical. The perimenopausal women were asked to enlist the date of their last period. All women with <1 year to menopause were classified as perimenopausal. The height, weight, and waist circumference were noted for all the women, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The women were also inquired about their food habits and social habits including alcohol consumption or smoking. Hence, this study was planned as a PAN India study.

Results: Average age of menopause of an Indian woman is 46.2 years much less than their Western counter parts (51 years). A definite rural and urban division was also seen. There was a correlation between the age of menopause and social and economic status, married status, and parity status.

Keywords: Determinants of age of menopause; ethnicity and menopause; menopause; smoking and menopause.

Figure 1

Region-wise distribution of IMS survey data

Figure 2

Frequency distribution of survey data according to peri- and post-menopause status

Figure 3

Frequency distribution of data according to menopause type, natural or surgical

Figure 4

A trend of body mass index, waist circumference, and weight for various age groups in Indian women

Figure 5

Correlation between Age of menopause with Education, Socio Economic status and Parity

Figure 6

Trend for body mass index in Indian women in different regions at various age groups

Figure 7

Trend of weight in Indian women in different regions at various age groups

Figure 8

Trend for waist circumference for Indian women in different regions in different age groups