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. 2016 Dec;89(1068):20160648.
doi: 10.1259/bjr.20160648. Epub 2016 Oct 12.

Evaluation of a template-based algorithm for markerless lung tumour localization on single- and dual-energy kilovoltage images

Alec M Block  1 , Rakesh Patel  1 , Murat Surucu  1 , Matthew M Harkenrider  1 , John C Roeske  1
Affiliations

Evaluation of a template-based algorithm for markerless lung tumour localization on single- and dual-energy kilovoltage images

Alec M Block et al. Br J Radiol. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate a template-based matching algorithm on single-energy (SE) and dual-energy (DE) radiographs for markerless localization of lung tumours.

Methods: A total of 74 images from 17 patients with Stages IA-IV lung cancer were considered. At the time of radiotherapy treatment, gated end-expiration SE radiographs were obtained at 60 and 120 kVp at different gantry angles (33° anterior and 41° oblique), from which soft-tissue-enhanced DE images were created. A template-based matching algorithm was used to localize individual tumours on both SE and DE radiographs. Tumour centroid co-ordinates obtained from the template-matching software on both SE and DE images were compared with co-ordinates defined by physicians.

Results: The template-based matching algorithm was able to successfully localize the gross tumor volume within 5 mm on 70% (52/74) of the SE images vs 91% (66/74) of the DE images (p < 0.01). The mean vector differences between the co-ordinates of the template matched by the algorithm and the co-ordinates of the physician-defined ground truth were 3.2 ± 2.8 mm for SE images vs 2.3 ± 1.7 mm for DE images (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: Template-based matching on DE images was more accurate and precise than using SE images. Advances in knowledge: This represents, to the authors' knowledge, the largest study evaluating template matching on clinical SE and DE images, considering not only anterior gantry angles but also oblique angles, suggesting a novel lung tumour matching technique using DE subtraction that is reliable, accurate and precise.

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Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Left upper-lobe lung tumour template matching at 0° (anterior/posterior) using single energy at 120 kVp (a) and dual energy subtraction (b). Matched template appears in solid line and ground truth in black dashes. Bar = 1 cm.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Right upper-lobe lung tumour template matching at 0° (anterior/posterior) using single energy at 120 kVp (a) and dual energy subtraction (b). Matched template appears in solid line and ground truth in black dashes. Bar = 1 cm.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Left lower-lobe lung tumour template matching at 63° oblique angle using single energy at 120 kVp (a) and dual energy subtraction (b). Matched template appears in solid line and ground truth in black dashes. With single energy (a), template could not be successfully matched and only ground truth is shown. Bar = 1 cm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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