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Review
. 2016 Oct 13;538(7624):183-192.
doi: 10.1038/nature19764.

In vitro and ex vivo strategies for intracellular delivery

Martin P Stewart  1   2 , Armon Sharei  1   2   3   4 , Xiaoyun Ding  1   2 , Gaurav Sahay  5 , Robert Langer  1   2 , Klavs F Jensen  1
Affiliations
Review

In vitro and ex vivo strategies for intracellular delivery

Martin P Stewart et al. Nature. .

Abstract

Intracellular delivery of materials has become a critical component of genome-editing approaches, ex vivo cell-based therapies, and a diversity of fundamental research applications. Limitations of current technologies motivate development of next-generation systems that can deliver a broad variety of cargo to diverse cell types. Here we review in vitro and ex vivo intracellular delivery approaches with a focus on mechanisms, challenges and opportunities. In particular, we emphasize membrane-disruption-based delivery methods and the transformative role of nanotechnology, microfluidics and laboratory-on-chip technology in advancing the field.

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