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Review
. 2016 Sep;11(3):313-326.
doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2016.08.005.

Peripheral Artery Disease and Aortic Disease

Michael H Criqui  1 , Victor Aboyans  2 , Matthew A Allison  3 , Julie O Denenberg  3 , Nketi Forbang  3 , Mary M McDermott  4 , Christina L Wassel  5 , Nathan D Wong  6
Affiliations
Review

Peripheral Artery Disease and Aortic Disease

Michael H Criqui et al. Glob Heart. 2016 Sep.

Abstract

We reviewed published MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study articles concerning peripheral arterial disease, subclavian stenosis (SS), abdominal aortic calcium (AAC), and thoracic artery calcium (TAC). Important findings include, compared to non-Hispanic whites, lower ankle-brachial index (ABI) and more SS in African Americans, and higher ABI and less SS in Hispanic and Chinese Americans. Abnormal ABI and brachial pressure differences were associated with other subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) measures. Both very high and low ABI independently predicted increased CVD events. Looking at aortic measures, TAC and AAC were significantly associated with other subclinical CVD measures. Comparisons of AAC with coronary artery calcium (CAC) showed that both were less common in ethnic minority groups. However, although CAC was much more common in men than in women in multivariable analysis, this was not true of AAC. Also, when AAC and CAC were adjusted for each other in multivariable analysis, there was a stronger association for AAC than for CAC with CVD and total mortality.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1. Ethnic-specific odds ratios for peripheral arterial disease
Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex; Model 2 was adjusted for those in Model 1 + diabetes, smoking, hypertension, dyslipidemia, body mass index, education, and income; Model 3 was adjusted for those in Model 2 + interleukin-6, fibrinogen, D-dimer, and homocysteine. *Non-Hispanic (HS) white = reference group. δp < 0.05. AA, African American; AS, Chinese.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2. Regional association of TCF7L2 with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the CARe (Candidate Gene Association Resource) consortia
GWAS, genome-wide association study; SNP, ■■■.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3. Regional association of 9p21 with the ankle-brachial index (ABI) in the CHARGE consortia
CAD, coronary artery disease; CEU, ■■■; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
ABI, ankle-brachial index; CVD, cardiovascular disease.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5. Prevalence of subclavian stenosis in the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) study cohort, 2000 to 2002
AA, African American; ChA, Chinese; Hisp, Hispanic; NHW, non-Hispanic White.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Allison MA, Criqui MH, McClelland RL, et al. The effect of novel cardiovascular risk factors on the ethnic-specific odds for peripheral arterial disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1190–7. - PubMed
    1. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, McClelland RL, et al. Intrinsic contribution of gender and ethnicity to normal ankle-brachial index values: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:319–27. - PubMed
    1. Allison MA, Budoff MJ, Wong ND, Blumenthal RS, Schreiner PJ, Criqui MH. Prevalence of and risk factors for subclinical cardiovascular disease in selected US Hispanic ethnic groups: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:962–9. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Allison MA, Aboyans V, Granston T, et al. The relevance of different methods of calculating the ankle-brachial index: the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis. Am J Epidemiol. 2010;171:368–76. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wattanakit K, Folsom AR, Criqui MH, et al. Albuminuria and peripheral arterial disease: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA) Atherosclerosis. 2008;201:212–6. - PMC - PubMed

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