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Review
. 2016 Nov;20(4):607-628.
doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2016.06.006.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Impact of Vaccination on Disease

Noele P Nelson  1 , Philippa J Easterbrook  2 , Brian J McMahon  3
Affiliations
Review

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Impact of Vaccination on Disease

Noele P Nelson et al. Clin Liver Dis. 2016 Nov.

Erratum in

  • Erratum.
    [No authors listed] [No authors listed] Clin Liver Dis. 2017 May;21(2):xiii. doi: 10.1016/j.cld.2017.02.002. Clin Liver Dis. 2017. PMID: 28364824 No abstract available.

Abstract

Integration of hepatitis B vaccination into national immunization programs has resulted in substantial reductions of hepatitis B virus (HBV) transmission in previously high endemic countries. The key strategy for control of the HBV epidemic is birth dose and infant vaccination. Additional measures include use of hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) and diagnosis of mothers at high risk of transmitting HBV and use of antiviral agents during pregnancy to decrease maternal DNA concentrations to undetectable concentrations. Despite the substantial decrease in HBV cases since vaccination introduction, implementation of birth dose vaccination in low-income and middle-income countries and vaccination of high-risk adults remain challenging.

Keywords: Birth dose; Hepatitis B vaccine; Hepatitis B virus; Perinatal transmission; Vaccine impact.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Immunization coverage with third dose of HepB vaccines in infants, 2014. (From WHO/UNICEF coverage estimates 2015 revision. Map production: Immunization Vaccines and Biologicals, (IVB). Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015.)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Immunization coverage with hepatitis B birth dose and third dose, western Pacific region, 1990 to 2013. (From World Health Organization. Hepatitis B control through immunization: a reference guide. Geneva: WHO Press, 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/immunization/sage/meetings/2015/october/8_WPRO_Hepatitis_B_Prevention_Through_Immunization_Regional_Reference_Guide.pdf.)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Reported number of acute hepatitis B cases in the United States, 2000 to 2014. (From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Viral hepatitis statistics and surveillance. Surveillance for viral hepatitis—United States, 2013. Atlanta (GA): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2015. Available at: http://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/statistics/2013surveillance/index.htm; with permission.)
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mathematical model: age-specific hepatitis B–related cirrhosis (A) and HCC (B) mortality. (From Goldstein ST, Zhou FJ, Hadler SC, et al. A mathematical model to estimate global hepatitis B disease burden and vaccination impact. Int J Epidemiol 2005;34:1329–39; with permission.)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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