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. 2016 Nov;33(11):1672-1677.
doi: 10.1080/19440049.2016.1217069. Epub 2016 Oct 17.

Occurrence and levels of nitrofuran metabolites in sea cucumber from Dalian, China

Hongxia Zhao  1 , Wuxia Guo  2 , Wenna Quan  1 , Jingqiu Jiang  1 , Baocheng Qu  2
Affiliations

Occurrence and levels of nitrofuran metabolites in sea cucumber from Dalian, China

Hongxia Zhao et al. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2016 Nov.

Abstract

The occurrence and levels of nitrofuran metabolites (NFMs) in sea cucumber (SC) from Dalian, China, are reported. Four metabolites including 3-amino-5-morpholinomethyl-2-oxazolidinone (AMOZ), 3-amino-2-oxazolidinone (AOZ), semicarbazide (SEM) and 1-aminohydantoin (AHD) in different SC products (fresh, instant and dry salted SCs) were measured. The frequency of occurrence for NFMs in all SC samples was 42.7%. The total NFM concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 64.6 ng g-1, with a mean of 3.59 ng g-1. AOZ and SEM were the dominant congeners, accounting for 40.1% and 59.1% of the total NFMs, respectively. The concentrations and patterns varied among different regions. Higher levels of NFMs were found in the fresh SC products, and the order for the average concentration of ∑4NFM was fresh > dry salted > instant.

Keywords: AHD; AMOZ; AOZ; Nitrofuran metabolites; SEM; distribution; sea cucumber.

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