Meta Analysis of Etiology and its Clinical and Radiological Correlation in Cases of Craniomaxillofacial Trauma

Abstract

Aim: The present study was planned to investigate the etiology of injuries and to analyze correlation between clinical and radiological findings in cases of craniomaxillofacial trauma.

Study design: An 18 months cross-sectional study was done and 325 patients with maxillofacial fractures were analyzed from January 2013 to June 2014 who reported to the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. Data was recorded in a preformed case sheet which included: patient's demographic data, cause of injury, type of injury, treatment plan.

Results: Out of the 325 patients, 74.4 % were males with a male: female ratio of 2.91:1. The 21-30 year age group was found to be maximum. Road traffic accidents accounted for 71.3 %, followed by fall from height (19 %) and assault (9.5 %). Most commonly involved vehicles were two wheelers followed by public transport. Mandibular fractures (65 %) were most prevalent, followed by zygomaticomaxillary complex (44.27 %), parietal bone (48 %) and orbital fractures (21.3 %). Thirty-seven fractures (7.14 %) were missed clinically which were confirmed later by radiographic technique. Maximum were in cranium region (57 %) followed by mandible (27 %), mid face region (16.21 %). Thirty-three fractures (6.37 %) were overestimated or suspected clinically which could not be confirmed by radiographic technique. Maximum were in mandible (48.5 %) followed by mid face (36.33 %) and cranium (15.15 %).

Conclusion: The idea behind this article is to analyze the various trends and affecting factors and correlation between clinical and radiological findings. A better understanding of the above said would help in future treatment planning and management of facial injuries.

Keywords: Assault; Clinical diagnosis; Craniomaxillofacial trauma; Meta analysis; RTA; Sensitivity; Specificity.

Fig. 1

a Gender distribution of Craniomaxillofacial trauma. b Age distribution of Craniomaxillofacial trauma

Fig. 2

a Etiological distribution among craniomaxillofacial trauma. b Individual etiological distribution among Craniomaxillofacial injuries

Fig. 3

a Mandibular fracture site distribution. b Midface fracture site distribution. c Cranium fracture site distribution

Fig. 4

a Missed fracture distribution. b Site distribution of missed fractures in mandible. c Site distribution of missed fractures in mid face. d Site distribution of missed fractures in cranium

Fig. 5

a Overestimated fracture distribution. b Site distribution of overestimated fractures in mandible. c Site distribution of overestimated fractures in mid face. d Site distribution of overestimated fractures in cranium