Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2016 Oct 12;8(10):626.
doi: 10.3390/nu8100626.

A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Roberto Fabiani  1 , Liliana Minelli  2 , Gaia Bertarelli  3 , Silvia Bacci  4
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

A Western Dietary Pattern Increases Prostate Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Roberto Fabiani et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Dietary patterns were recently applied to examine the relationship between eating habits and prostate cancer (PC) risk. While the associations between PC risk with the glycemic index and Mediterranean score have been reviewed, no meta-analysis is currently available on dietary patterns defined by "a posteriori" methods. A literature search was carried out (PubMed, Web of Science) to identify studies reporting the relationship between dietary patterns and PC risk. Relevant dietary patterns were selected and the risks estimated were calculated by a random-effect model. Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs), for a first-percentile increase in dietary pattern score, were combined by a dose-response meta-analysis. Twelve observational studies were included in the meta-analysis which identified a "Healthy pattern" and a "Western pattern". The Healthy pattern was not related to PC risk (OR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-1.04) while the Western pattern significantly increased it (OR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.08-1.65). In addition, the "Carbohydrate pattern", which was analyzed in four articles, was positively associated with a higher PC risk (OR = 1.64; 95% CI: 1.35-2.00). A significant linear trend between the Western (p = 0.011) pattern, the Carbohydrate (p = 0.005) pattern, and the increment of PC risk was observed. The small number of studies included in the meta-analysis suggests that further investigation is necessary to support these findings.

Keywords: dietary pattern; meta-analysis; prostate cancer; systematic review.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow diagram of systematic literature search on dietary patterns and prostate cancer risk.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Forest plot of the highest compared with the lowest categories of intake of the “Healthy” dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Forest plot of the highest compared with the lowest categories of intake of the “Western” dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Forest plot of the highest compared with the lowest categories of intake of the “Carbohydrate” dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Dose-response plot of the linear relation between the intake of the “Western” dietary pattern and prostate cancer risk.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Ferlay J., Soerjomataram I., Dikshit R., Eser S., Mathers C., Rebelo M., Parkin D.M., Forman D., Bray F. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int. J. Cancer. 2015;136:E359–E386. doi: 10.1002/ijc.29210. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Cuzick J., Thorat M.A., Andriole G., Brawley O.W., Brown P.H., Culig Z., Eeles R.A., Ford L.G., Hamdy F.C., Holmberg L., et al. Prevention and early detection of prostate cancer. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:e484–e492. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(14)70211-6. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Leitzmann M.F., Rohrmann S. Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: Age, location, and behavioral correlates. Clin. Epidemiol. 2012;4:1–11. doi: 10.2147/CLEP.S16747. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Zhou X.F., Ding Z.S., Liu N.B. Allium vegetables and risk of prostate cancer: Evidence from 132,192 subjects. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev. 2013;14:4131–4134. doi: 10.7314/APJCP.2013.14.7.4131. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Xu X., Cheng Y., Li S., Zhu Y., Xu X., Zheng X., Mao Q., Xie L. Dietary carrot consumption and the risk of prostate cancer. Eur. J. Nutr. 2014;53:1615–1623. doi: 10.1007/s00394-014-0667-2. - DOI - PubMed

Substances

LinkOut - more resources