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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2017 Jan;65(1):114-122.
doi: 10.1111/jgs.14451. Epub 2016 Oct 18.

Using the 4 Pillars Practice Transformation Program to Increase Pneumococcal Immunizations for Older Adults: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Richard K Zimmerman  1 , Anthony E Brown  2 , Valory N Pavlik  2 , Krissy K Moehling  1 , Jonathan M Raviotta  1 , Chyongchiou J Lin  1 , Song Zhang  1 , Mary Hawk  3 , Shakala Kyle  1 , Suchita Patel  4 , Faruque Ahmed  4 , Mary Patricia Nowalk  1
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Using the 4 Pillars Practice Transformation Program to Increase Pneumococcal Immunizations for Older Adults: A Cluster-Randomized Trial

Richard K Zimmerman et al. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Jan.

Abstract

Objectives: To test the effectiveness of a step-by step, evidence-based guide, the 4 Pillars Practice Transformation Program, to increase adult pneumococcal vaccination.

Design: Randomized controlled cluster trial (RCCT) in Year 1 (June 1, 2013 to May 31, 2014) and pre-post study in Year 2 (June 1, 2014 to January 31, 2015) with data analyzed in 2016. Baseline year was June 1, 2012, to May 31, 2013. Demographic and vaccination data were derived from deidentified electronic medical record extractions.

Setting: Primary care practices (n = 25) stratified according to metropolitan area (Houston, Pittsburgh), location (rural, urban, suburban), and type (family medicine, internal medicine), randomized to receive the intervention in Year 1 (n = 13) or Year 2 (n = 12).

Participants: Individuals aged 65 and older at baseline (N = 18,107; mean age 74.2; 60.7% female, 16.5% non-white, 15.7% Hispanic).

Intervention: The 4 Pillars Program, provider education, and one-on-one coaching of practice-based immunization champions. Outcome measures were 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV) and pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) vaccination rates and percentage point (PP) changes in vaccination rates.

Results: In the Year 1 RCCT, PPSV vaccination rates increased significantly in all intervention and control groups, with average increases ranging from 6.5 to 8.7 PP (P < .001). The intervention was not related to greater likelihood of PPSV vaccination. In the Year 2 pre-post study, the likelihood of PPSV and PCV vaccination was significantly higher in the active intervention sites than the maintenance sites in Pittsburgh but not in Houston.

Conclusion: In a RCCT, PPSV vaccination rates increased in the intervention and control groups in Year 1. In a pre-post study, private primary care practices actively participating in the 4 Pillars Practice Transformation Program improved PPSV and PCV uptake significantly more than practices that were in the maintenance phase of the study.

Keywords: Tdap vaccine; adults; immunization; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Randomization Scheme
Figure 2
Figure 2. a and b. Cumulative Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine (PPSV) Vaccination and Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Rates for Adults ≥65 Years at the End of Baseline and Year 2 by Intervention Group and City
*P<0.001 for percentage point (PP) difference from Baseline to Year 2 between Active Intervention and Maintenance groups by Chi-square test
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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