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. 2016 Jul-Sep;33(3):135-140.
doi: 10.4103/0970-9371.188050.

Bacterial vaginosis in association with spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses

Gözde Işik  1 , Şayeste Demirezen  1 , Hanife Güler Dönmez  1 , Mehmet Sinan Beksaç  2
Affiliations

Bacterial vaginosis in association with spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses

Gözde Işik et al. J Cytol. 2016 Jul-Sep.

Abstract

Context: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is related to the increased risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, and postpartum endometritis.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between BV and the history of spontaneous abortion and recurrent pregnancy losses. We also examined periods of gestation, including the first and second trimester miscarriages.

Materials and methods: The study population consisted of 200 fertile women. Sixty one (30.5%) of 200 women had the history of a spontaneous abortion in the last six months (N = 30) and at least three recurrent pregnancy losses (N = 31). BV was diagnosed either by using Papanicolaou staining, Gram staining, or by culturing with BV-associated bacteria, Gardnerella vaginalis.

Results: The presence of BV was statistically associated with the history of a spontaneous abortion in the last 6 months (P < 0.05), whereas there was no significant relationship between BV and recurrent pregnancy losses (P > 0.05). These women were also evaluated in view of periods of gestation. Forty-seven (77%) of 61 women had first trimester miscarriage (≤12 weeks) and 14 (23%) of 61 women had second trimester miscarriage (>12 weeks). There was a statistically significant relationship between BV and second trimester miscarriage (P < 0.05). Positive BV findings were not associated with discharge, itching, and pain (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: BV may contribute to spontaneous abortion and second trimester miscarriage.

Keywords: Bacterial vaginosis (BV); Gardnerella vaginalis; recurrent pregnancy losses; spontaneous abortion.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Clue cell (arrow) and free cocci were seen around the squamous epithelial cells (PAP stain, ×400). (b) The cell borders were irregular (arrow) in clue cell (PAP stain, ×1000). (c) The cytoplasmic loss was observed (arrow) in clue cell (Gram stain, ×1000)
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