Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2016 Nov-Dec;20(6):569-575.
doi: 10.1016/j.bjid.2016.09.004. Epub 2016 Oct 17.

Anogenital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in HIV-infected men and women in Salvador, Brazil

Ana Gabriela Travassos  1 , Eveline Xavier-Souza  2 , Eduardo Netto  2 , Eda Vinhaes Dantas  3 , Maiara Timbó  2 , Isabella Nóbrega  3 , Tatiana Haguihara  3 , Júlia Neumeyer  2 , Nathalia Lisboa  2 , Maria Angela Soidan  3 , Fábio Ferreira  4 , Carlos Brites  2
Affiliations

Anogenital infection by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in HIV-infected men and women in Salvador, Brazil

Ana Gabriela Travassos et al. Braz J Infect Dis. 2016 Nov-Dec.

Abstract

Background: Infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae are the most common bacterial sexually transmitted infections throughout the world. These sexually transmitted infections are a growing problem in people living with HIV/AIDS. However, the presence of these agents in extra genital sites, remains poorly studied in our country. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae anal and genital infection in people living with HIV/AIDS followed in a reference center in Salvador, Brazil.

Methods: Cross-sectional study, from June 2013 to June 2015. Proven HIV-infected people attending this reference center were invited. Clinical and epidemiological data were obtained through interview with standardized form. Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae screening was performed using qPCR (COBAS 4800® Roche).

Results: The frequency of positive cases of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae was 12.3% in total, 9.2% cases amongst women and 17.1% amongst men. We found 14.0% of positive cases in anus and 3.1% in genital region in men, while 5.6% and 3.6%, in women, respectively. Among men, anal infection was associated with age <29 years (p=0.033), report of anal intercourse (p=0.029), pain during anal intercourse (p=0.028). On the other hand, no association between genital infection and other variables were detected in bivariate analysis. Among women, we detected an association between Chlamydia trachomatis genital infection and age <29 years (p<0.001), younger age at first sexual intercourse (p=0.048), pregnancy (p<0.001), viral load >50copies/mL (p=0.020), and no antiretroviral use (p=0.008). Anal infection in women was associated with age <29 years old (p<0.001) and pregnancy (p=0.023), and was not associated with report of anal intercourse (p=0.485).

Conclusion: Missed opportunities for diagnosis in extra genital sites could impact on HIV transmission. The extra genital sites need to be considered to break the HIV and bacterial sexually transmitted infections chain-of-transmission.

Keywords: Anogenital infections; Chlamydia trachomatis; HIV; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Sexually transmitted infections.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. WHO . 2012. Global incidence and prevalence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections – 2008. - PubMed
    1. Miller W., Ford C., Morris M., et al. Prevalence of chlamydial and gonococcal infections among young adults in the United States. JAMA J Am Med Assoc. 2004:801. author reply 801-2. - PubMed
    1. Owen B.N., Brock P.M., Butler A.R., et al. Prevalence and frequency of heterosexual anal intercourse among young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Behav. 2015;19:1338–1360. - PubMed
    1. Mestecky J., Moldoveanu Z., Smith P.D., Hel Z., Alexander R.C. Mucosal immunology of the genital and gastrointestinal tracts and HIV-1 infection. J Reprod Immunol. 2009;83:196–200. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Stahlman S., Hirz A.E., Stirland A., Guerry S., Gorbach P.M., Javanbakht M. Contextual factors surrounding anal intercourse in women. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42:364–368. - PubMed

MeSH terms