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. 2016 Oct 4;14(Suppl 1):38.
doi: 10.1186/s12959-016-0093-1. eCollection 2016.

Aspirin plus tirofiban inhibit the thrombosis induced by Russell's viper venom

Ren-Chieh Wu  1 , Ping-Tse Chou  2 , Li-Kuang Chen  3
Affiliations

Aspirin plus tirofiban inhibit the thrombosis induced by Russell's viper venom

Ren-Chieh Wu et al. Thromb J. .

Abstract

Background: Thrombosis and coagulopathy are the commonest hematological manifestations of envenomation of Russell's viper venom (RVV). Factor X is activated by a factor X-activating enzyme from Russell's viper venom (RVV-X) to start the coagulation cascade. We established an animal model with local ischemic effects induced by RVV. We tried to treat RVV envenomation with antiplatelets and anticoagulants without recourse to antivenom.

Methods: RVV was injected into the foot pad of mice. We observed the effects at different intervals and compared local changes in ischemia with drug treatment after 30 min.

Results: A combination of aspirin plus tirofiban could prevent the ischemic change induced by RVV. The antithrombotic effects of single-use of aspirin or tirofiban were better than single-use of heparin or clopidogrel.

Conclusion: The aspirin + tirofiban group had a better outcome with respect to prevention of tissue ischemia and gangrene. This indicates that the activation and aggregation of platelets is the major cause of thrombosis induced by RVV.

Keywords: Antiplatelet; Mouse model; Russell’s viper venom; Thrombosis.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
The natural course of venom, injected at foot of mice. a venom injected 15 min later. b venom injected 1 day later. c venom injected 2 days later. d venom injected 7 days later
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
The effects of low dose (10 mg/kg) post-envenomation Aspirin treatment at day 1, 2 and 7. a 1 day later. b 2 days later. c 7 days later
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The effects high dose (40 mg/kg) post-envenomation Aspirin treatment at day 1, 2 and 7. a 1 day later. b 2 days later. c 7 days later
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
The effects of post-envenomation treatment with tirofiban and aspirin. a One day after tirofiban treatment. b Two days after tirofiban treatment. c One day after tirofiban + aspirin treatment. d Two days after tirofiban + aspirin treatment
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
The effects of post-envenomation treatment with tirofiban, and clopidogrel or heparin. a One day after tirofiban + clopidogrel treatment. b Two days after tirofiban + clopidogrel treatment. c One day after tirofiban + heparin treatment. d Two days after tirofiban + heparin treatment
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
The effects of post-envenomation treatment with a single dose of clopidogrel. a clopidogrel (1 mg/BW 25 g) 8 h later. b clopidogrel (1 mg/BW 25 g) 1 day later. c clopidogrel (1 mg/BW 25 g) 2 days later
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
The effects of post-envenomation treatment with a single dose of heparin. a heparin(5U/BW 25 g) 8 h later. b heparin(5U/BW 25 g) 1 day later. c heparin(5U/BW 25 g) 2 days later
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