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. 2016 Oct 7:10:444.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00444. eCollection 2016.

Optimizing the Face Paradigm of BCI System by Modified Mismatch Negative Paradigm

Sijie Zhou  1 , Jing Jin  1 , Ian Daly  2 , Xingyu Wang  1 , Andrzej Cichocki  3
Affiliations

Optimizing the Face Paradigm of BCI System by Modified Mismatch Negative Paradigm

Sijie Zhou et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

Many recent studies have focused on improving the performance of event-related potential (ERP) based brain computer interfaces (BCIs). The use of a face pattern has been shown to obtain high classification accuracies and information transfer rates (ITRs) by evoking discriminative ERPs (N200 and N400) in addition to P300 potentials. Recently, it has been proved that the performance of traditional P300-based BCIs could be improved through a modification of the mismatch pattern. In this paper, a mismatch inverted face pattern (MIF-pattern) was presented to improve the performance of the inverted face pattern (IF-pattern), one of the state of the art patterns used in visual-based BCI systems. Ten subjects attended in this experiment. The result showed that the mismatch inverted face pattern could evoke significantly larger vertex positive potentials (p < 0.05) and N400s (p < 0.05) compared to the inverted face pattern. The classification accuracy (mean accuracy is 99.58%) and ITRs (mean bit rate is 27.88 bit/min) of the mismatch inverted face pattern was significantly higher than that of the inverted face pattern (p < 0.05).

Keywords: N400; P300; brain computer interface; face paradigm; online system.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The interface that was shown to the participants. (A) The matrix without stimuli. (B) An example of the stimulus in the IF-pattern. (C) An example of the stimulus in the MIF-pattern. The feedback appeared at the top of the screen during online sessions.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The figure demonstrates what participants saw in one item. There were several standard stimuli (at least six) between two deviant stimuli.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The 16 electrodes used in this study.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The grand average ERPs of deviant stimuli for the IF and MIF patterns. Four ERPs recorded during presentation of the MIF-pattern are displayed.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The amplitudes of N200, VPP, P300, and N400 ERPs per participant. “STD” denotes the standard deviation.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The r-squared values averaged over participants using offline data.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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