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. 2016 Oct 20;21(42):30377.
doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2016.21.42.30377.

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan

Norio Sugaya  1 , Masayoshi Shinjoh, Chiharu Kawakami, Yoshio Yamaguchi, Makoto Yoshida, Hiroaki Baba, Mayumi Ishikawa, Mio Kono, Shinichiro Sekiguchi, Takahisa Kimiya, Keiko Mitamura, Motoko Fujino, Osamu Komiyama, Naoko Yoshida, Kenichiro Tsunematsu, Atsushi Narabayashi, Yuji Nakata, Akihiro Sato, Nobuhiko Taguchi, Hisayo Fujita, Machiko Toki, Michiko Myokai, Ichiro Ookawara, Takao Takahashi
Affiliations

Trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine effective against influenza A(H3N2) variant viruses in children during the 2014/15 season, Japan

Norio Sugaya et al. Euro Surveill. .

Abstract

The 2014/15 influenza season in Japan was characterised by predominant influenza A(H3N2) activity; 99% of influenza A viruses detected were A(H3N2). Subclade 3C.2a viruses were the major epidemic A(H3N2) viruses, and were genetically distinct from A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) of 2014/15 vaccine strain in Japan, which was classified as clade 3C.1. We assessed vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children aged 6 months to 15 years by test-negative case-control design based on influenza rapid diagnostic test. Between November 2014 and March 2015, a total of 3,752 children were enrolled: 1,633 tested positive for influenza A and 42 for influenza B, and 2,077 tested negative. Adjusted VE was 38% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 28 to 46) against influenza virus infection overall, 37% (95% CI: 27 to 45) against influenza A, and 47% (95% CI: -2 to 73) against influenza B. However, IIV was not statistically significantly effective against influenza A in infants aged 6 to 11 months or adolescents aged 13 to 15 years. VE in preventing hospitalisation for influenza A infection was 55% (95% CI: 42 to 64). Trivalent IIV that included A/New York/39/2012(H3N2) was effective against drifted influenza A(H3N2) virus, although vaccine mismatch resulted in low VE.

Keywords: Influenza; Influenza Virus; Laboratory surveillance; vaccine and immunization; vaccine effectiveness.

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Conflict of interest statement

NS has received speakers' honoraria from Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Denka Seiken and Takeda, none of which was in connection with the work presented here. MS has received speakers’ honoraria from Astellas, Daiichi Sankyo, Japan Vaccine and MSD; and grant support from Japan Vaccine, none of which was in connection with the work presented here. KM has received speakers’ honoraria from Japan Vaccine and MSD, none of which was in connection with the work presented here. For other authors, none declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Phylogenetic analysis with sequences of the HA1 subunit of the haemagglutinin gene from reference viruses and influenza A(H3N2) sequences derived from children aged 6 months to 15 years, Yokohama, Japan, November 2014 to March 2015
Figure 2
Figure 2
Influenza patients aged 6 months to 15 years diagnosed with influenza rapid diagnostic tests by week and type of virus in influenza vaccine effectiveness evaluation, Japan, November 2014 to March 2015 (n=3,752)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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