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Review
. 2016 Nov;36(11):5593-5606.
doi: 10.21873/anticanres.11144.

Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy

Ammar Sukari  1 , Misako Nagasaka  2 , Ameer Al-Hadidi  3 , Lawrence G Lum  4
Affiliations
Review

Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy

Ammar Sukari et al. Anticancer Res. 2016 Nov.

Abstract

Hanahan and Weinberg described six distinct biological properties of cancer cells that enable tumor growth and metastasis. These properties were referred to as the traditional hallmarks of cancer. Recent discoveries further elucidated hallmarks including evasion of immune destruction by tumor cells that disrupt anticancer response pathways. This review discusses cancer immunology and new treatment strategies aimed at restoration of antitumor immune responses.

Keywords: CTLA4; Cancer immunology; PD1; PDL1; checkpoint inhibitor; immunotherapy.

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