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. 2016 Oct-Dec;63(4):351-357.
doi: 10.29262/ram.v63i4.189.

[Prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in schoolchildren from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico]

[Article in Spanish]
Eleazar Mancilla-Hernández  1 , Evaristo Víctor Manuel González-Solórzano, Miguel Ángel Medina-Ávalos, Raúl Humberto Barnica-Alvarado
Affiliations

[Prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in schoolchildren from Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico]

[Article in Spanish]
Eleazar Mancilla-Hernández et al. Rev Alerg Mex. 2016 Oct-Dec.

Abstract
in English, Spanish

Background: Asthma is a chronic disease that has increased over the past 2 decades.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and its symptoms in the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.

Methods: A descriptive study of prevalence in public schools of the city of Cuernavaca, Morelos, at the preschool, elementary, and high school levels using the "Asthma diagnosis for epidemiological studies questionnaire."

Results: 7947 surveys were obtained from students ages 3 to 15 years, funding a prevalence of asthma of 11.9%, 49% in boys and 51% in girls. As for the symptoms of asthma, the highest prevalence was cough that increases with cold weather (63%), however, in asthma patients this symptom only occurred in 17%; chest tightness had the lowest prevalence of symptoms (10%); however, in asthma patients it was 49%.

Conclusions: The asthma diagnosis for epidemiological studies questionnaire found an average asthma prevalence of 11.9% in preschool, elementary, and high school students, slightly below that diagnosed in other cities in central Mexico. The prevalence of asthma symptoms was higher than the diagnosis of asthma.

Antecedentes: El asma es una enfermedad crónica que se ha incrementado en las 2 últimas décadas. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de asma y sus síntomas en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de prevalencia en escuelas oficiales de la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos, de nivel preescolar, primaria y secundaria, mediante el “Cuestionario diagnóstico de asma para estudios epidemiológicos”. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 7947 encuestas en escolares de 3 a 15 años, encontrándose una prevalencia de asma de 11.9%, 49% en niños y 51 % en niñas. En cuanto a los síntomas de asma, la mayor prevalencia la obtuvo la tos que aumenta con el frío (63%), sin embargo, en los pacientes con asma este síntoma solo se presentó en 17%; la opresión torácica tuvo la prevalencia más baja entre los síntomas (10%), sin embargo, en pacientes con asma fue de 49%. Conclusiones: Con el cuestionario diagnóstico de asma para estudios epidemiológicos se encontró una prevalencia promedio de asma de 11.9% en preescolares, escolares y alumnos de secundaria, discretamente inferior a la diagnosticada en otras ciudades del centro de México. La prevalencia de los síntomas de asma resultó más elevada que la del diagnóstico de asma.

Keywords: Asthma; Epidemiological studies; Prevalence; Symptoms.

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