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. 2016 Nov 4;9(1):571.
doi: 10.1186/s13071-016-1851-4.

Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in an elimination area in Iran

Mehdi Zare  1 , Moussa Soleimani-Ahmadi  2   3 , Sayed Hossein Davoodi  4 , Alireza Sanei-Dehkordi  5   6
Affiliations

Insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in an elimination area in Iran

Mehdi Zare et al. Parasit Vectors. .

Abstract

Background: Iran has recently initiated a malaria elimination program with emphasis on vector control strategies which are heavily reliant on indoor residual spraying and long-lasting insecticidal nets. Insecticide resistance seriously threatens the efficacy of vector control strategies. This study was conducted to determine the insecticide susceptibility of Anopheles stephensi to DDT and current insecticides in Jask county as an active malaria focus in southeastern Iran.

Methods: In this study, the anopheline larvae were collected from different aquatic habitats in Jask county and transported to insectarium, fed with sugar and then 3-day-old adults were used for susceptibility tests. WHO insecticide susceptibility tests were performed with DDT (4 %), malathion (5 %), lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05 %), deltamethrin (0.05 %) and permethrin (0.75 %).

Results: The field strain of An. stephensi was found resistant to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin. The LT50 values for DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin in this species were 130.25, and 37.71 min, respectively. Moreover, An. stephensi was completely susceptible to malathion and permethrin and tolerant to deltamethrin.

Conclusion: The present study results confirm the resistance of the major malaria vector, An. stephensi, to DDT and lambda-cyhalothrin, and tolerance to deltamethrin, which could gradually increase and spread into other malaria endemic areas. Thus, there is a need for regular monitoring of insecticide resistance in order to select suitable insecticides for vector control interventions towards malaria elimination.

Keywords: Anopheles stephensi; Insecticide resistance; Iran; Jask; Malaria.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Map of Iran, highlighting the location of malaria endemic areas and study area in Jask county
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Average of meteorological parameters during 2013–2014 in Jask county, southeastern Iran
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Typical potential anopheline larval habitats in Jack county, southeastern Iran. a, b Water leakage. c Riverbed. d River edge
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Regression lines of An. stephensi exposed to DDT (4 %) and Lambda-cyhalothrin (0.05 %) in southeastern Iran
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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