Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Multicenter Study
. 2016 Sep-Oct;24(5):524-534.
doi: 10.1590/1678-775720160178.

Prevalence, severity, and risk indicators of gingival inflammation in a multi-center study on South American adults: a cross sectional study

Paola Carvajal  1 , Mariel Gómez  2 , Sabrina Gomes  3 , Ricardo Costa  3 , Andres Toledo  2 , Fernando Solanes  1 , Hugo Romanelli  2 , Rui Oppermann  3 , Cassiano Rösing  3 , Jorge Gamonal  1
Affiliations
Multicenter Study

Prevalence, severity, and risk indicators of gingival inflammation in a multi-center study on South American adults: a cross sectional study

Paola Carvajal et al. J Appl Oral Sci. 2016 Sep-Oct.

Abstract

Objectives:: The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation and associated risk indicators in South American adults.

Material and methods:: Multi-stage samples totaling 1,650 adults from Porto Alegre (Brazil), Tucumán (Argentina), and Santiago (Chile) were assessed. The sampling procedure consisted of a 4-stage process. Examinations were performed in mobile dental units by calibrated examiners. A multivariable logistic regression model was utilized for associating variables as indicators of gingival inflammation (GI) (Gingival Index ≥0.5). Statistical significance was set at 0.05.

Results:: A total of 96.5% of the adults have GI. Regarding the severity of GI, 22.5% of participants examined have mild GI, 74.0% have moderate GI, and 3.6% have severe GI. The multivariate analyses identify the main risk indicators for GI as adults with higher mean of Calculus Index (OR=18.59); with a Visible Plaque Index ≥30% (OR=14.56); living in Santiago (OR=7.17); having ≤12 years of schooling (OR=2.18), and females (OR=1.93).

Conclusions:: This study shows a high prevalence and severity of gingival inflammation, being the first one performed in adult populations in three cities of South America.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Questionnaire
Questionnaire. Structured questionnaire, consisting of open and closed questions about demographics, habits, attitudes, and knowledge related to oral health
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ababneh KT, Abu Hwaij ZM, Khader YS. Prevalence and risk indicators of gingivitis and periodontitis in a multi-centre study in North Jordan: a cross sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2012;12:1–1. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Albandar JM. Periodontal diseases in North America. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:31–69. - PubMed
    1. Albandar JM, Brunelle JA, Kingman A. Destructive periodontal disease in adults 30 years of age and older in the United States, 1988–1994. J Periodontol. 1999;70(1):13–29. - PubMed
    1. Australian Research Centre for Population Oral Health, The University of Adelaide, South Australia Periodontal diseases in the Australian adult population. Aust Dent J. 2009;54(4):390–393. - PubMed
    1. Baehni PC, Takeuchi Y. Anti-plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm-associated oral diseases. Oral Dis. 2003;1(9) Suppl:23–29. - PubMed

Publication types

MeSH terms