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Review
. 2016 Oct 24:7:1685.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01685. eCollection 2016.

Rapid Detection Strategies for the Global Threat of Zika Virus: Current State, New Hypotheses, and Limitations

Shruti Shukla  1 , Sung-Yong Hong  2 , Soo Hyun Chung  2 , Myunghee Kim  1
Affiliations
Review

Rapid Detection Strategies for the Global Threat of Zika Virus: Current State, New Hypotheses, and Limitations

Shruti Shukla et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

The current scenario regarding the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in South America and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection. The World Health Organization, WHO, announced that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the USA in the near future. This situation has created an alarming public health emergency of international concern requiring the detection of this life-threatening viral candidate due to increased cases of newborn microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection. Hence, this review reports possible methods and strategies for the fast and reliable detection of ZIKV with particular emphasis on current updates, knowledge, and new hypotheses that might be helpful for medical professionals in poor and developing countries that urgently need to address this problem. In particular, we emphasize liposome-based biosensors. Although these biosensors are currently among the less popular tools for human disease detection, they have become useful tools for the screening and detection of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses because of their versatile advantageous features compared to other sensing devices. This review summarizes the currently available methods employed for the rapid detection of ZIKV and suggests an innovative approach involving the application of a liposome-based hypothesis for the development of new strategies for ZIKV detection and their use as effective biomedicinal tools.

Keywords: PCR; Zika; detection; diagnosis; immunoassay; liposome; virus.

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Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Developments in various pathogen detection strategies.
FIGURE 2
FIGURE 2
Consistent major year-wise efforts in the development of detection assays for Zika virus.
FIGURE 3
FIGURE 3
Research theme for developing liposome-based immunochromatographic strips for specific Zika virus.
FIGURE 4
FIGURE 4
Strategy for developing liposome immunoassay-based fluorescence immunoassay for the detection of Zika virus.
FIGURE 5
FIGURE 5
Strategy for developing immunoliposome and immunomagnetic particle-based sensitive detection of Zika virus. (Retrieved from Shukla et al., 2016).
FIGURE 6
FIGURE 6
Result interpretation of immunochromatographic strip assay for simultaneous detection of Zika, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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