Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2016 Dec;45(4):905-921.
doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2016.06.011. Epub 2016 Oct 8.

Bariatric Surgery: Pathophysiology and Outcomes

Sidra Azim  1 , Sangeeta R Kashyap  2
Affiliations
Review

Bariatric Surgery: Pathophysiology and Outcomes

Sidra Azim et al. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2016 Dec.

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus and obesity are closely interrelated and pose a major burden on health care in terms of morbidity and mortality. Weight loss has favorable metabolic benefits for glycemic control and improvement of metabolic syndrome. Bariatric surgery (BS) is the most effective treatment for weight loss with durable results as compared to lifestyle modification. BS procedures have been associated with significant reduction in abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome components, and glycemic control requiring fewer medications. Long-term risks of surgery include nutritional deficiencies, osteoporosis, bone fractures, and hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, which need to be carefully balanced with metabolic benefits for individual patients.

Keywords: Bariatric surgery; Metabolic effects; Obesity; Type 2 diabetes; Weight loss.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mechanisms by which obesity leads to diabetes and diabetes related complications. Adapted from Redinger RN. The Pathophysiology of Obesity and its Clinical Manifestations. Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2007; 3(11):856–863, with permission.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Commonly performed bariatric surgery procedures types, brief description of the procedure and illustrations of anatomical changes.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Bariatric surgery procedures and their effect on metabolic parameters and obesity related complications. Adapted from Ara Keshishian. Weight loss procedure surgical procedures and outcomes. http://www.dssurgery.com/weight-loss-surgery-poster.php.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Effects of bariatric surgery on intestinal neuroendocrine hormones. Adapted from Mingrone G. Role of the incretin system in the remission of type 2 diabetes following bariatric surgery. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2008; 18(8):574–579, with permission.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Role of intestinal hormones in glucose homeostasis following Roux-en Y surgery. Adapted from Ionut V, Bergman RN. Mechanisms Responsible for Excess Weight Loss after Bariatric Surgery. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2011; 5(5):1263–1282, with permission.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Death and Mortality. NCHS FastStats Web site. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm.
    1. Gerteis J, Izrael D, Deitz D, et al. Multiple Chronic Conditions Chartbook. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality; 2014. AHRQ Publications No, Q14–0038.
    1. National Diabetes Statistics Report. 2014.
    1. Ogden C, Carroll M, Kit B, Flegal K. Prevalence of Childhood and Adult Obesity in the United States, 2011–2012. Survey of Anesthesiology. 2014;58(4):206. doi: 10.1097/01.sa.0000451505.72517.a5. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Flegal K, Carroll M, Kit B, Ogden C. Prevalence of Obesity and Trends in the Distribution of Body Mass Index Among US Adults, 1999–2010. JAMA. 2012;307(5):491. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.39. - DOI - PubMed