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Review
. 2017 Jan 15:227:766-777.
doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.060. Epub 2016 Oct 26.

Heart failure 2016: still more questions than answers

Marco Metra  1 , Valentina Carubelli  2 , Alice Ravera  2 , Andrew J Stewart Coats  3
Affiliations
Review

Heart failure 2016: still more questions than answers

Marco Metra et al. Int J Cardiol. .

Abstract

Heart failure has reached epidemic proportions given the ageing of populations and is associated with high mortality and re-hospitalization rates. This article reviews and summarizes recent advances in the diagnosis, assessment and treatment of the patients with heart failure. Data are discussed based also on the most recent guidelines indications. Open issues and unmet needs are highlighted.

Keywords: devices; ejection fraction; heart failure; hospitalization; prognosis; treatment.

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