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. 2017 Jan;30(1):1-27.
doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.08.022. Epub 2016 Nov 9.

Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography

John Simpson  1 , Leo Lopez  2 , Philippe Acar  3 , Mark K Friedberg  4 , Nee S Khoo  5 , H Helen Ko  6 , Jan Marek  7 , Gerald Marx  8 , Jackie S McGhie  9 , Folkert Meijboom  10 , David Roberson  11 , Annemien Van den Bosch  9 , Owen Miller  12 , Girish Shirali  13
Affiliations

Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Disease: An Expert Consensus Document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography

John Simpson et al. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2017 Jan.

Abstract

Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) has become important in the management of patients with congenital heart disease (CHD), particularly with pre-surgical planning, guidance of catheter intervention, and functional assessment of the heart. 3DE is increasingly used in children because of good acoustic windows and the non-invasive nature of the technique. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the optimal application of 3DE in CHD including technical considerations, image orientation, application to different lesions, procedural guidance, and functional assessment.

Keywords: ASE; Congenital heart disease; EACVI; Recommendation; Three-dimensional echocardiography.

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