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1 Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
2 Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: schillej@mail.nih.gov.
1 Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
2 Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Electronic address: schillej@mail.nih.gov.
Papillomavirus life cycle is tightly coupled to epithelial cell differentiation, which has hindered the investigation of many aspects of papillomavirus biology, including virion assembly. The development of in vitro production methods of papillomavirus pseudoviruses, and the production of "native" virus in raft cultures have facilitated the study of some aspects of the assembly process. In this paper we review the current knowledge of papillomavirus assembly, directions for future research, and the implications of these studies on new therapeutic interventions.
Aydin I, Weber S, Snijder B, Samperio Ventayol P, Kuhbacher A, Becker M, Day PM, Schiller JT, Kann M, Pelkmans L, Helenius A, Schelhaas M. Large scale RNAi reveals the requirement of nuclear envelope breakdown for nuclear import of human papillomaviruses. PLoS pathogens. 2014;10(5):e1004162.
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Baker TS, Newcomb WW, Olson NH, Cowsert LM, Olson C, Brown JC. Structures of bovine and human papillomaviruses. Analysis by cryoelectron microscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction. Biophysical journal. 1991;60(6):1445–1456.
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Becker KA, Florin L, Sapp C, Maul GG, Sapp M. Nuclear localization but not PML protein is required for incorporation of the papillomavirus minor capsid protein L2 into virus-like particles. Journal of virology. 2004;78(3):1121–1128.
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Bird G, O’Donnell M, Moroianu J, Garcea RL. Possible role for cellular karyopherins in regulating polyomavirus and papillomavirus capsid assembly. Journal of virology. 2008;82(20):9848–9857.
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Bordeaux J, Forte S, Harding E, Darshan MS, Klucevsek K, Moroianu J. The l2 minor capsid protein of low-risk human papillomavirus type 11 interacts with host nuclear import receptors and viral DNA. Journal of virology. 2006;80(16):8259–8262.
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